Who are the real life zombies that have been seen in Haiti?
Thanks for asking. Zombies are familiar to most of us Westerners through popular culture, thanks to depictions in classic horror movies, TV shows like The Walking Dead or even video games like Resident Evil.
But the idea of zombies actually goes beyond the realm of fiction.
In fact, some people in the real world claim to have encountered them and not just as gory monsters with a taste for brains.
Today we're going to discuss the cultural beliefs that keep those stories alive.
What parts of the world do such beliefs come from?
The word zombie actually has its roots in Central Africa, where the word anzambi was used to refer to a ghost, a spirit without a body.
It was subsequently brought to the Caribbean through the slave trade and in Haiti the meaning would shift to describe a body without a spirit.
The concept of zombies in the real world is closely tied to Haitian voodoo or vaudou, a religion that blends African, indigenous and Catholic traditions.
In voodoo, a zombie isn't a flesh eating monster, but a person brought back from the dead through magical means.
This belief stems from the idea that a bokor, a sorcerer in voodoo practice, can use spells and potions to resurrect someone.
Not as a conscious human being, but as a mindless slave, forced to work under the bokor's control.
This notion of the zombie isn't just about the living dead, but also a loss of freedom, agency and identity.
It's truly horrifying in a different way from in zombie movies.
That's right, and in Haitian culture it's considered a fate worse than death.
When someone dies their soul is believed to move on to the spirit world, a place where they can find peace.
However, a zombie is thought to be a trapped soul.
A person whose body is resurrected, but whose consciousness remains detached, unable to find rest.
The zombie thereby becomes a kind of spiritual slave, performing menial tasks without any awareness.
For many Haitians, the idea of having one's body exploited while being cut off from the spiritual afterlife is a fate far more dreadful than death itself.
Is there any evidence to support the existence of real life zombies?
Cleveus Narcisse is perhaps the most famous real life zombie case on record.
In 1962 he was declared dead at a hospital in Haiti after experiencing severe respiratory problems.
He was buried, but 18 years later a man resembling Narcisse appeared in his village and claimed to be him.
He told the villagers that he was resurrected by a bokor who used a powder made from pufferfish toxin to induce a death -like state.
Narcisse said that he was then forced to work on a plantation, drugged and enslaved as a zombie until the bokor died and he was freed.
His case is often cited as evidence supporting the existence of real life zombies, and remains a point of fascination and debate.
There you have it! Now you know what real life zombies are.
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