Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
I'm Neil. And I'm Beth.
Being in nature has benefits for our physical and mental health, so wouldn't it be good if instead of giving you a bottle of pills, your doctor recommended spending time in nature?
That's an interesting idea, Neil.
Being outdoors always makes me feel better, and in Japan there's even a word for it – shinrin yoku, translated into English as forest bathing.
Forest bathing is a type of relaxation that involves being calm and quiet amongst the trees, and using all your senses to observe nature around you whilst breathing deeply.
It sounds wonderful, Beth!
In this programme, we'll be hearing how one of the world's oldest building materials – wood – is being used in new ways to build a greener future.
And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
Great. But first, I have a question for you, Neil.
Britain used to be covered in trees.
In Roman times, it's estimated that as much as 40 % of the land was forest. Trees provided wood, the building material needed for many things including buildings, furniture and ships.
So how many trees do you think were needed to build the HMS Victory, Nelson's famous ship at the Battle of Trafalgar, in 1805.
Was it a 4 ,000 trees, b 5 ,000 trees or c 6 ,000 trees?
Well, I have no idea, but I'll guess it was 5 ,000 trees.
OK, Neil, I'll reveal the correct answer at the end of the programme.
Throughout history, buildings in Britain have been made of timber, trees that are grown so their wood can be used as a building material.
But in modern times, this has mostly been done by man -made materials – brick, concrete and steel.
One of those arguing for a return to wood is architect Michael Remage, talking here to BBC Radio 4 programme Rare Earth.
Michael Remage There is some compelling evidence to show that children in schools made of wood learn better.
They have greater concentration, lower stress, lower heartbeats.
And there's compelling evidence to show that patients in hospitals recover better in both rooms made of wood or other natural materials, and also in rooms that have views of nature out the window.
Michael believes there is compelling evidence for the health benefits of wood.
If something is compelling, it's so convincing that you believe it.
As evidence, he gives examples that wooden schools help children learn.
But there's another compelling reason to build with wood.
The carbon which wood captures helps combat climate change.
It's why many governments around the world want to replace the carbon intensive production of concrete and steel with bio -based materials like wood.
Here's architect Michael Ramage again, describing the possibilities of wooden buildings to BBC Radio 4's Rare Earth… We look at the possibilities of building with wood and other materials we can grow – bamboo, hemp, flax – and how we can use them intelligently as replacements for steel and concrete in the world that we create around us.
And we've looked at skyscrapers, we've looked at housing, we've looked at schools and there are all range of buildings that we can build if we use wood well.
Michael builds with natural materials which can be sustainably grown, including bamboo and hemp, a family of plants which are used to make many products such as rope and cloth.
He thinks these natural, biobased materials will work if they are used intelligently in a clever, intelligent way.
A good example of this is plywood, the first new material in construction since the invention of reinforced concrete 100 years ago.
Tests prove that plywood made from layers of pine which are laid crossways and then glued together is as strong as steel.
It's already been used to build skyscrapers – the very tall, modern building you often see in cities.
An 85m high skyscraper in Norway and an even taller one at 87m, the world's tallest, in Milwaukee, USA.
Strong, relaxing and eco -friendly.
It seems that building with wood is good for the future as well as the past, which reminds me of my question, Neil.
Yes, you asked me how many trees were used as timber for Nelson's famous warship, HMS Victory, and I guessed it was five thousand.
Which was close but the wrong answer, I'm afraid, it was even more – around six thousand trees, most of which were oak, with some timbers over half a metre thick.
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt in this programme, starting with forest bathing.
Being in nature and immersing your senses in the experience for its physical and mental health benefits.
Timbre is trees grown so the wood can be used for building.
If an argument or evidence is compelling, it's strong, convincing and believable.
The adverb intelligently means done in a way showing intelligence and skill.
Hemp is a family of plants, some of which are used to make rope and strong cloth.
And finally a skyscraper is a very tall modern building, usually in a city.
Once again, our 6 Minutes are up, but remember to join us again next time for more trending topics and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English.
Goodbye for now. Bye.
