Why is French the official language of the Olympics?
Thanks for asking! It may seem surprising that French is the official language of the Olympic Games, given that it's only the fifth most spoken language in the world.
According to a report by the International Francophone Organization in 2022, there are an estimated 321 million French speakers in the world, putting it behind Spanish, Hindi, Mandarin and English.
Nevertheless, the French language has played a significant role at a global level and in various spheres since the Middle Ages.
Let's explore the importance it's taken on since the modern Olympic Games were established in 1896.
Did France play any role in creating the Olympics?
Absolutely! France was instrumental in organizing sports competitions long before 1896.
For instance, the Olympiad de la Republie competition was held in France in 1796, 1797 and 1798, and that later inspired Scandinavian countries to create their own Nordic Games in 1901, a predecessor to the modern-day Winter Olympics.
As for the modern summer Olympic Games, it was Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin who founded them.
He was a historian and educator who also played a crucial role in introducing sports into schools in the 20th century.
Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee, which still oversees the Olympic Games to this day.
He would chair the Committee for 29 years from its inception in 1896, and he wasn't the only French-speaking person involved in the early modern Olympics.
Other key contributors included Georges Rommet, a prominent figure in French football, and Louis Magnus, founder of the French Federation of Figure Skating.
So you could say it was pretty natural that French became the IOC's official language.
Is that the only reason?
Right entirely, in 1972 the IOC signed the Olympic charter to establish administrative rules, article 23 entitled Languages.
Clearly states, the official languages of the IOC are French and English.
In case of a discrepancy between the French and the English texts of these rules, the French texts shall prevail.
So although English has now also been an official Olympic language for a while, and IOC sessions are translated into Spanish and German, the French version of all documents still takes primary importance.
Furthermore, the prominence of French is evident during certain competitions themselves.
For example, in Fencing before each point, the referee redies the competitors with commands in French like, on guard, pray, allay.
And since the Athens Olympic Games in 2004, France's National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance has maintained a glossary of sports expressions in French and English, which are translated into the host country's language, simply put, at the Olympic Games, sports are officiated and commentated on using French terminology.
There you have it. Now you know why French is the official language of the Olympics.
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