Welcome to Squiz Kids Science Shorts, the show where we take your big, curly questions and unpack the big science stories everyone's talking about, break them down into snack-sized science-powered answers.
We sort out the fact from the fluff, keep it fun, keep it fast.
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Take a bite of chilli and it feels like your tongue is on fire.
But there's no flames.
Why do chillis burn your mouth and your bum?
Well, it's all thanks to a tiny molecule called capsaicin.
The hotter the chilli, the higher the capsaicin levels and the higher it scores on the Scoville scale.
It's basically a spicy heat-o-meter.
Inside your mouth, you've got some receptors called TRPV1.
Now these are special senses that usually warn you when food is too hot, around 43 degrees Celsius.
Capsaicin binds to those senses and tricks them into thinking your mouth is burning, even when the chili is cool.
Your body panics, you sweat, your nose runs and your eyes water.
It's all part of the cooling response.
Water, you scream.
Nope, don't do that.
In fact, it can spread the capsaicin and make it worse.
Capsaicin is a hydrophobic molecule.
It doesn't mix with water.
But milk, yogurt or ice cream.
They contain a protein called casein that wraps around capsaicin molecules and separates them from those receptors.
And the burn at the other end?
Well, those same TRPV1 receptors exist in your gut and yep, down there too.
Thanks, biology.
If the capsaicin you've eaten isn't fully digested, it meets those receptors again at your bum and you feel that famous ring of fire.
So chilies don't actually burn you.
They just trick your digestive tract into thinking you're on fire from top to bottom.
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On next week's Squiz Kids Science Shorts.