Why are Nobel Prizes so important?
Thanks for asking! This Saturday sees the 2022 Nobel Prize award ceremony take place in Stockholm.
Like every year, it's held on 10th December to coincide with the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death.
Tradition also dictates that the prize laureates are announced in October.
This year's laureates include Alan Aspect, John F.
Clowzer and Anton Zilingo in Physics, Carolyn Arber Totsi, Morton Meldahl and Kay Barry Sharpless in Chemistry, Svante Parbo in Physiology or Medicine and Denny Erno in Literature.
Meanwhile, the Nobel Prize laureates are all being recognised for their role in documenting war crimes and human rights abuses since the Russian invasion of Ukraine began in February.
They are Belarusian activist Alice Bialyev Lietzky, International Human Rights Organisation Memorial, which was founded in Russia, and Ukraine's Centre for Civil Liberties.
Who was Alfred Nobel?
He was a 19th century Swedish chemist and businessman, known for making many significant contributions to science.
He was also nicknamed the Merchant of Death for having invented dynamite.
He died in 1896. Hugely wealthy, famous and childless, in his will he stated that his fortune should be used to award the Nobel Prizes on an annual basis.
On what criteria are the Nobel Prizes awarded?
According to Alfred Nobel's will, they should be awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.
Each prize is widely seen as the most prestigious award that exists in its respective field.
Prizes are often awarded to individuals or groups of individuals who have worked together on a project, but can also be awarded to organisations.
A sixth prize was created in 1968 by Sweden's Central Bank.
Its official name is the Sveriges Reichsbank Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel.
It isn't strictly speaking a Nobel Prize, but is listed alongside the others on the Nobel Foundation's website.
Who chooses the laureates?
In his will, Nobel tasked certain Swedish and Norwegian institutions to name laureates.
Each prize has its own Nobel committee.
These working bodies propose laureates for the prize awarding institutions to split.
The subjective nature of the prize awarding process is often criticised.
Furthermore, since the prizes began, laureates have been overwhelmingly male and either North American or European.
The greatest controversy is usually around the Peace Prize.
Previous laureates have included Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and Burmese president Aung San Suu Kyi.
All laureates receive a golden medal, a certificate and around £800 ,000, which many choose to donate.
Most importantly, they earn a place in history alongside such esteemed names as Alfred Einstein, Mary Curie, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela.
There you have it. Now you know why Nobel Prizes are so important.
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