Why are some deadly diseases re-emerging?
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When it comes to the diseases we're going to be talking about today, you could be forgiven for thinking they were a thing of the past, consigned to history.
But believe it or not, some of them are making a comeback in the 21st century.
Their resurgence can be partly explained by a false sense of security.
Basically we thought they were eradicated for good and let our guard down.
As a result, vaccination rates fell and preventive measures were relaxed.
What kind of diseases are we talking about?
Well, there's a number of prominent ones that are re-emerging.
You may well have heard about the return of whooping cough, for example.
It's a respiratory infection which is caused by bacteria and spreads very easily through the air.
Experts say a single infected person can pass the disease to 15 others.
It can be very serious, especially for infants and vulnerable individuals.
Data published by the UK Health Security Agency in May 2024 said that there had been 1319 confirmed cases in March of the same year.
That meant cases had more than doubled in just two months, and the first quarter of the year sadly saw five infant deaths from the disease.
The same was true at a European level.
With the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reporting nearly 60,000 cases in 2023 and Q1 of 2024 combined.
Moving on to the phenomenon, Reuters called the numbers historically high and said that in the first three months of 2024, there have already been as many cases as there were in an average year between 2012 and 2019.
We've also seen measles cases increased by nearly 79% worldwide according to the World Health Organization.
The numbers is marked by a rash and symptoms like rhinitis, conjunctivitis, coughing, a very high fever and intense fatigue.
It's often mild but can sometimes lead to severe respiratory or neurological complications.
In infants it can even be fatal.
Then there's tuberculosis, which might surprise you because we thought it had decreased enough to stop vaccinating against it.
The COVID-19 pandemic saw health systems become less able to diagnose and treat people with TB, leading to a growth in the number of people falling ill with it from year to year.
Finally, in January 2024, the Office of Health Disparities revealed that syphilis had seen an increase of 76%.
You may remember we talked about it in our recent episode on sexually transmitted infections.
Did those diseases never really disappear then?
Well, not exactly. In fact, according to the WHO, smallpox is the only human disease that has been completely eradicated, but for a lot of the diseases I've mentioned, they were no longer a major concern in developing countries because the number of cases was minimal.
Medical experts say that diseases tend to follow a cycle, transforming and reappearing after a few years or even decades.
That's just how epidemics work, unfortunately.
The recycles where the diseases seem to disappear mutate slightly and then reemerge unexpectedly.
There you have it. Now you know why some deadly diseases are reemerging.
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