What is Wernicke -Korsakov Syndrome?
Thanks for asking! According to the World Health Organisation, harmful use of alcohol accounts for three million deaths each year.
Indeed, it's the third leading cause of preventable death and causes a large burden for societies across the world.
Of course, regular alcohol consumption doesn't always kill but it can lead to other health problems including neurological disorders.
Wernicke -Korsakov syndrome is one such example.
It's the combination of Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakov syndrome, both are linked to Vitamin B1 deficiency.
Alcohol has a direct toxic effect on the brain which can lead to a lack of certain substances such as Vitamin B1 which is also known as thiamine.
It plays a key role in transforming glucose into energy for the brain.
A sustained deficiency can cause irreversible brain damage affecting memory circuits.
What are the symptoms of this syndrome?
They include a memory problem called anterograde amnesia which means patients are unable to form new memories.
They may forget things they have just been told or what they were doing just a few seconds prior.
They often lose their sense of direction both in time and space and have a hard time recognizing people.
They confabulate coming up with fantasy stories from their imagination although they're totally unaware of their condition.
On the other hand they retain their ability to reason and make decisions as well as older memories but nothing new sticks.
How does it develop?
Korsakov syndrome comes on very gradually after Wernicke encephalopathy which is brought on by chronic alcoholism.
Sufferers are in a confused state due to balance and vision problems.
This encephalopathy is reversible if treated with high dose injections of Vitamin B1.
However if left untreated it can lead to permanent damage due to the significant memory loss which requires continued monitoring.
Are there any forms of treatment?
Like many patients with alcohol related conditions sufferers of Wernicke -Korsakov syndrome often receive poor medical care.
The incurable reputation of the syndrome doesn't help.
The memory circuit damage is definitive which highlights the importance of early preventative care through Vitamin B1 injections.
Permanent brain abnormalities make it difficult or nigh impossible to return to an independent life.
However doctors have seen progress in patients who received early treatment and personalized monitoring.
There were improvements in their muscle coordination, eye problems and confusion, hence they regained some level of autonomy.
The key is understanding the consequences of alcohol addiction in order to tackle it head on.
There you have it. Now you know what Wernicke -Korsakov syndrome is.
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