What is an endemic?
Thanks for asking.
Despite the Omicron wave, many European countries are beginning to loosen COVID-related restrictions.
Some have lifted health passes and relaxed travel restrictions, while others have reopened public places and put an end to face mask requirements.
In England.
As of February 24th, people with COVID-19 are no longer legally required to self-isolate.
Governments and international organisations seem to have a shared vision that of the pandemic evolving into an endemic.
An infection becomes endemic in a population when it is constantly maintained at a baseline level.
That happens when the circulation of the virus comes under control and therefore becomes easier to monitor.
A disease may be endemic in some areas and not in others, as is the case with malaria, for example.
Other endemic diseases reappear in waves in certain seasons, like the flu does in winter.
Do you mean that eventually COVID-19 will become a disease just like any other?
The virus will likely return in waves.
We've already developed effective vaccines against severe forms, and those will have to be adapted to new variants, as is the case with the flu.
At some point, new treatments will likely be developed enabling COVID-19 patients to receive care similar to that administered in the case of other respiratory viral infections.
Bear in mind that an endemic disease isn't necessarily a mild one.
The status isn't an indicator of severity.
It can be a confusing concept, but it's important to understand that COVID-19 won't just go away completely.
When a disease becomes endemic, it's more predictable, but we still have to learn to live with it, and that will probably be the case with the coronavirus.
Is it really wise to drop restrictions so quickly?
Well, all along they were introduced based on how the pandemic was evolving.
The current Omicron variant in circulation is more contagious but has proven much less dangerous for the majority of people.
Nevertheless, the most vulnerable population groups should still be protected through vaccination.
Remember that even though the vaccine only has a moderate effect in preventing infection, it does provide effective protection against severe forms.
At a European Medicines Agency press briefing in January 2022, Marco Cavallari, the organization's head of vaccine strategy, made the following comments.
With the increase of the immunity in the population and with Omicron there will be a lot of natural immunity taking place on top of vaccination.
We will be fastly moving towards a scenario that will be closer to endemicity.
However, he did also stress that we shouldn't forget that we're still in a pandemic for the moment.
So we've gone through three phases then.
Epidemic, pandemic and finally endemic.
Exactly.
In case you need a reminder an epidemic is characterized by limited contamination at a given period.
Meanwhile, a pandemic is a global and protracted epidemic, like what we've experienced with COVID-19.
Finally, in the case of an endemic, infections occur regularly, but not necessarily in large numbers.
There you have it.
Now you know what an endemic is.
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