What is an anocracy?
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Let's think back to January 6th 2021, when the US Capitol was invaded by radical pro-Trump activists.
Of course, since then, Donald Trump has left the White House.
But with hindsight, how should we remember his mandate and this event in particular?
Political scientist Barbara F Walter recently looked into the US's current instability and went as far as describing it as an anocracy.
That's a term for a government that is neither fully democratic nor fully autocratic.
Where does the word anocracy come from?
It was first coined in 1946 by Austrian philosopher Martin Buber and then translated into English in the 1950s.
Barbara Walter is a CIA advisor and professor at the University of San Diego in California.
Throughout her career, she has studied conflicts in many countries across the world, such as Lebanon Syria, Sri Lanka and Nicaragua, to name just a few.
Recently, she became interested in her homeland, the United States.
In her recently published book entitled How Civil Wars Start, she shared her concern that the country is closer to a civil war than any of us would like to believe.
She claims that these days, the United States is no longer fully a democracy, but is somewhere between a democracy and an autocratic state.
It is therefore an anocracy.
Why does she believe that?
Walter applied the same system as for other countries she has studied.
Their level of democracy is measured with the polity index, which ranges from minus 10 to plus 10.
According to her calculations, at the end of Donald Trump's mandate it was at five, which makes the US a partial democracy for the first time in 200 years.
According to her group of analysts, the country has gone through two phases of insurgency in recent years.
Those are the pre-insurgency stage and then incipient conflict, culminating in the capital attack.
We are no longer the world's oldest continuous democracy, Ms.
Walter wrote.
That honor is now held by Switzerland, followed by New Zealand and then Canada.
Those countries are all rated plus 10.
On the other hand, a fully authoritarian regime rates as minus 10.
For example, China scores a minus 7.
Ms.
Walter is not the only one to come to such a conclusion.
As reported by the Washington Post, the Stockholm-based Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance qualified the United States as a backsliding democracy at the end of 2021.
And how can an anocracy plunge into civil war?
Barbara Walter explained that this type of state is three times as likely to experience a civil war as a full democracy.
This can happen as a result of bad governance and increasingly undemocratic measures, which further weaken the country's institutions.
What other countries can be called anocratic?
There are quite a few, and many are post-Soviet states.
Zimbabwe also found itself on the list with the rise to power of Robert Mugabe in the 1980s, before completely sinking into authoritarianism.
In 2016, Russia's low ranking also qualified it as a nanocracy.
There you have it.
Now you know what a nanocracy is.
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