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What does eating junk food do to our brains?
Thanks for asking.
We all know about the physical consequences of having an unbalanced diet, and one that includes a lot of junk food in particular.
Junk food is an umbrella term used to describe ultra-processed products which are overly sugary, salty or fatty.
In the short term, eating lots of junk food can lead a person to put on weight and see their blood pressure rise, while it can also potentially lead to long-term conditions like diabetes or heart disease.
But studies are increasingly clear on the fact that junk food can also impair our brain functions, particularly memory.
Scientists haven't yet fully explained this mechanism, and it appears that it's not the only repercussion on our cognitive abilities.
How exactly does junk food impair brain function?
This type of meal may alter the hippocampus, a region of the brain involved in both memory function and appetite control.
A study published in the journal Metabolic Brain Disease in June 2022 indicated that a diet rich in unhealthy fats can generate anxiety or even depressive states.
Diseases resulting from dietary imbalance, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, can alter the central nervous system and exacerbate these issues.
A link also seems to have been established with Alzheimer's disease due to increased levels of tau proteins in the brain.
These play a role in neuron structure, among other things.
On the contrary, does eating well have beneficial effects on the brain?
Indeed it works both ways.
A lack of omega-3, for example, hinders the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine.
These fatty acids play a crucial role in brain function. and are only found in certain foods.
For example, they're present in fish like salmon herring, mackerel or sardines, as well as in various vegetable oils like canola or walnut oil.
Also, our levels of serotonin, known as the happiness hormone, can be influenced by foods which are rich in tryptophan and tyrosine, both precursors to serotonin.
These compounds can be found in bananas, avocados and cabbage, for example.
Lastly, consuming more fruit and vegetables has an antioxidant effect that helps counterbalance the inflammation caused by junk food.
Fermented drinks and foods also contribute to reducing stress and improving sleep quality.
What can we do to resist junk food?
It's all about balance.
Eating a hamburger or a ready meal from time to time isn't necessarily a problem in itself.
You could consider restricting such foods to weekends to limit your intake, or practicing portion control to satisfy cravings without overindulging.
Breaking free from unhealthy eating habits isn't easy, due to the addictive qualities of junk food we've discussed in previous episodes of Do You Really Know?
However, with some strategies and determination, you can shift your focus towards healthier alternatives.
Possible options include planning your meals ahead, stocking up on healthy foods, eating mindfully, staying hydrated and building a support system by involving your friends or family.
There you have it.
Now you know what eating junk food does to our brains.
In under three minutes, we answer your questions and help you understand the true meaning behind the trends, concepts and acronyms that are making headlines.
Listen along and you will really know for sure.
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