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Hey, and welcome to The Short Stuff.
I'm Josh, there's Chuck, and Jerry's here for Dave, so this is an official short stuff.
Boom. I just stamped it with the official seal.
you. That's right. A big thanks to ThoughtCo, Gizmodo, Slate, Science American, University of Michigan, go Wolverines.
University of Houston.
Houston? University of Houston, go Cowgurs.
Are they the Cougars?
Yeah, I'm pretty sure.
Are there a lot of Cougars roaming around Houston?
You kidding me? They love those young guys out there.
I got you. Those kind of Cougars.
Yeah, those are places where I found some pretty good resources on the history of the paperclip, which when I started on this, I expected to be pretty straightforward. forward. It is not at all.
I was thrilled and delighted to find that the history of the paper clip is pretty convoluted.
There's a lot of bad information out there and we're going to shuffle it all into place into a coherent, um, fact -based, conceptually amazing short stuff.
Yeah. I thought this is a really good one.
This is classic short stuff stuff.
Uh, so before the the paperclip.
And hey, I love a paperclip, but there ain't nothing classier than making a slit in the top right corner of a page and running some ribbon through there to keep some paper together.
Yeah, the choices between ribbon are limitless.
Yeah, and it just, it looks so good.
For sure. And that's why people did that for centuries and centuries and centuries.
I don't remember exactly when that started, but it was probably early medieval, if I remember correctly.
And it wasn't until the late 19th century that paperclips started to come along.
And they weren't something that was invented quite out of the gate, but not too long after people started tinkering with this did we arrive at the paperclip as we understand it today.
day yeah and it was one of those weird things that a few different people uh just you know not working together created a very similar thing at the same time or around the same time uh and the reason this happened seems to be because uh making like uh needles and metal wire uh became you know they had the machinery to do this kind of thing at this time and people are like hey what all can we do with little needles and little pieces of wire besides using them for sewing yeah or poking in your eye up.
Yeah, exactly. So yeah.
So apparently several men around the world in the last couple of decades of the 19th century saw a really good use for mass produced wire was paper clips or a way to bind paper, I think is a better way to put it.
Some people really didn't.
They just kind of phoned it in.
They're like, here, just chop it off and jam this through the paper.
And most people said, we prefer the ribbon technique over that.
But the guy who really came the closest out of the gate to inventing what we understand as the paperclip, it's called the gem paperclip, is a Norwegian man named Johan Voller.
I've also seen it spelled V -O -L -L -E -R, so Voller?
Johan Voller? Sure.
And that's gem, capital G -E -M.
And we'll get to the naming of that in a second.
But, yeah, he made a paperclip that didn't have the second smaller oval inside the larger oval.
It was just the one larger outer oval.
But he's credited. I mean, I think there was a German newspaper in the 1920s that kind of misreported, like, him being the sole inventor of the paperclip.
And everyone now looks at him as the inventor of the paperclip.
Like around the world.
Yeah, for sure. Sure.
He couldn't get a patent in Norway.
So we got them in Germany and the United States.
And this was in 1899 and 1901.
But everybody around the world calls him the inventor, even though there were at least a couple of people a couple of few decades before that invented a paperclip.
Yeah. Both Americans.
One guy was Samuel B.
Fay. He seems to be the first one to have invented a bent wire paperclip, or at least he was the first to patent it back in in 1867, there's a guy named Earlman J.
Wright. In 1877, he got a patent for an improvement on Faye's bent wire paperclip.
And Samuel Faye's paperclip, you know, those awareness lapel pins that people wear for all sorts of different stuff?
Yeah. That's what his paperclip looked like.
And I think they're still kind of around today.
So you would call that a Faye paperclip.
I would. it or a sam b hey toss me a sam b i need to get these papers clipped exactly i want to poke my eye out so uh have you what is the deal with that have you ever poked your eye out with a paper clip no but common anytime i think of so there's a couple of things anytime i think of like a just a sharp pointy something poke your eye out okay and then anytime i see like a hearth made made of stone or brick, I always imagine some poor kid just stumbling and cracking their head open on that car.
Also, anything with a really sharp corner too.
I don't like that at all.
Yeah. But you don't have like a compulsion.
Like if you have a pointy thing, you're not like, don't do it, Josh.
No, no. I don't. I don't feel the call of the void for matching my head into the edge of a coffee table.
It's opposite. You're cautious.
Yeah. Have you ever seen those bumper pads that people put on the corner of coffee tables when they have kids?
I had a kid, so yeah, we had plenty of those.
Okay. That's the reason why, because it's possible.
It's not just me being crazy.
Like, that's possible.
Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah.
I don't think that's an unusual fear.
All right. Well, that's where my paperclip thing comes from.
Okay, gotcha. So back to the gem paperclip, capital G.
I'm sorry. I just did it.
Capital G -E -M. It's named that because they were made on the behalf of the gem manufacturing company that was in the U .K. And this was in 1899, and a Connecticut man named William Middlebrook came up with this – was it the design or the machine?
The machine to make them.
Yeah, because the long and short of it is no one – like Middlebrook didn't, and the gem company didn't patent the actual paperclip.
that they patented the machine that made them.
So anybody that's making a gem -style paper clip from that point on could just do it if they had the resources.
Right, which is one reason why when we think of paper clips today, we think of gem paper clips because they are worldwide.
They're made everywhere.
You don't have to pay any royalties.
You never had to pay any royalties with them.
So the paper clip we think of, the two ovals, one inside of the other, that's the gem paper clip.
And I'm glad you keep spelling it out because I'm sure people would be confused and think that you were talking about the truly, truly, truly outrageous rocker girl, Gem.
Her paperclip. I think people would be very misled had you not set them straight.
Since you mentioned that, I think we need to shout out Britta Phillips.
Oh, yeah? How so? Who?
What? I'm pretty sure that Britta Phillips, who is the bass player of one of my favorite all -time bands, Luna, and married to Dean Wareham.
And Dean's brother, Anthony, is a listener to the show.
Wow, this came full circle.
Yeah. So shout out to Anthony and Dean and Britta because Britta played, oh no, it wasn't G, it was J -E -M.
Yeah. The cartoon, Jim and the Holograms. Who did she play?
She played Jim? She played Jim.
She voiced Jim. Oh, on the actual cartoon?
Yes. That was a good cartoon.
I actually watched that when I was a kid.
I really struggle with that.
But anyway, shout out to Dean, Britta, and Anthony.
Nice. I think we should take a break, man.
We haven't yet. No, let's do it.
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Finding empowerment in the community is critical.
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All right, so back to the gem paper clip.
You know, the sort of regular size one, not the tiny one and not the giant ones, is about an inch. It can hold supposedly about 20 sheets of regular paper pretty well.
About $20 billion are made every year, and Americans apparently use $11 billion of those.
Wow. And you pointed out very astutely that paperclips are used obviously to bind paper, but those things can be undone and used most often to poke the little reset buttons in a lot of technology hardware.
Back in the day, if you wanted to open your CD -ROM tray, if it was stuck, you would use that.
In elementary school, I don't know if you did this, but you could unfold it and make it into something that when you drop, it pops up in the air.
Oh, I was never able to do that.
But yeah. Yeah, you would bend it in such a way that it's like a bear trap or something, you know, is like, I mean, I know there's a word for this, but and we would have contests to see who could make theirs pop the highest. Nice.
You could also shoot them pretty far with a rubber band and potentially take someone's eye out.
Oh, man, your biggest fear.
Right. Right. So one of the things about the GEM paperclip is it's been around for 125 years at least. It's been virtually the same for 125 years.
So there's probably a lot of people walking around thinking like, well, it's a perfect thing.
It's a perfect design.
Can't be improved on.
And that is just so wrong.
You shouldn't even say that out loud.
Yeah. I mean, if you've ever had a tangled up box of paperclips, you know the frustration that comes with that.
If you've ever, you know, had one out in moisture, you know that they can rust and rust that paper.
Usually not a big deal, but if it's an important paper, you don't want rust on that thing.
What else? Also, Chuck, the cut end of the wire can poke through the paper.
It can poke your eye.
It can poke is the big problem with that one.
Yeah, very pokey. And then also, like, eventually, if you stuff too many sheets of paper in there and they stretch out too wide, or you make a bear trap out of one, one it's not going to hold any papers from that point on yeah and all of this has culminated and this is very funny to me that that um companies that make these they say they they get like you know up to 10 letters a week still where people are like you know how you could fix these things right i'm sure i mean imagine being a person who's like i've got it i just figured out how to keep people from poking themselves in the eye with a gem paper
clip of course you're going to write a letter.
And then you'd probably be pretty sad to get the letter back saying like, that's a great idea, but what about this problem and that problem that you just created with your stupid design?
That was the standard letter that you would get back from the gym paper clip company.
I love it. Shout out a couple of other kinds of paper clips that for me, I don't want to yuck someone's yum, but if you hand me these, I'm just going to throw this paper back in your face.
If you have the nerve to walk up with one of those spiral paper clips in the corner, The round ones?
No, thank you. Okay.
Or I don't know if this is the official name, but I saw them called regal paperclips.
They're the ones that are rectangles and then dangling down in the center, which is the binder, is it looks like a couple of pool cue balls on a string.
What? That's the non -crude way to describe it.
Oh, I see. You know what I'm talking about, out.
But I'll text you a picture of the Regal paper clip and you'd be like, oh, yeah, those things.
Oh, weird. Yeah. Well, there are some that are improved versions, right?
They just haven't caught on like the GEM clip.
There's one called the Gothic clip and it inverts its angles inward so that when you slide it onto the paper, there's no way to poke through the paper.
And it's so good that typically it's used by archivists.
If you're going to bind paper together and you're an archivist you're probably going to use a gothic clip although i would think also in that industry you do not want to use a paper clip at all yeah you want to tie a classy ribbon through that thing they'd be like you just carved a hole in the declaration of independence uh i looked up gothic clip and i mean you type those two words together you're going to end up with a lot of weird results on the images because of goths and stuff like there were a lot of goth hair clips and things like that.
But was it the one that kind of is shaped like a coffin?
Or were those just?
Yeah. Okay. No, it has like inverted angles.
Yes. Yeah. Okay. The gothic clip.
I don't know. Maybe that's why they call it that.
I mean, I assume so.
Well, let's talk a little bit more about Johan Wieler in Norway, because we should say if you're a Norwegian listener, you're probably kind of mad at us right now for saying that he didn't invent the paperclip.
It seems to be true.
We're very sorry for saying that.
But the reason that our Norwegian listeners are mad, everybody, is that he is a national hero in Norway for inventing the paperclip.
Yeah, didn't know paperclips were such a big deal there.
But apparently, and this is super kind of fun fact, during the Nazi occupation there in World War II, Norwegian citizens wore paperclips as sort of a sign of like unity and resistance.
Yeah. One of the few fun facts that involve Nazis.
Yeah. Agreed. There's also a 23 -foot statue, seven meters for our friends outside of the U .S. and Liberia, of a paperclip in honor of Voller.
It's at the B .I. Business School in Oslo.
The thing is, is it's not a Voller paperclip.
It's a gem clip with a squared off bottom.
Yeah. Which is very strange.
And that was the same one they used on the postage stamp that that they commemorated for him in Norway in 1999.
So I guess everybody just kind of dusted the original version under the rug and they're like, here's a Valor clip.
Yeah. Yeah. Well, thanks a lot, everybody, for joining us.
We don't have anything more to say about paperclips, which means that short stuff is out.
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