Hi there, it's Neil from 6 Minute English.
If you like this podcast you are going to love English in a minute.
Go to bbclearningenglish .com and subscribe!
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English, I'm Sam...
I'm Rob! Now, on Friday 29th June 1975, movie posters appeared in cinemas all over the USA with the now notorious words, You'll never go in the water again!
So do you know which movie was being promoted, Sam?
Yes, I think it was Jaws – Steven Spielberg's infamous horror movie which terrified a generation with its story of a man -eating great white shark with a taste for revenge and for human flesh.
Jaws multiply people's fascination with and fear of sharks.
But sharks' fearsome reputation is not based on facts.
Most attacks on humans are cases of mistaken identity, where the shark mistakes a swimmer for fish.
In recent years, the average annual number of worldwide deaths from shark bites was as low as four.
Today, sharks should be the apex predators of the ocean – the top predator that hunts and eats other animals but has no natural predator of its own.
Instead, over 100 million sharks are caught and killed each year – and thanks to this overfishing, many shark species are now endangered.
We'll hear more soon, but first, I have question for you Rob.
Approximately how many different species of shark exist today?
Is it a. 330, b. 530 or c.
730? Well, I'll take a guess at b.
530. OK, I'll reveal the correct answer later in the programme.
Now, as Sam mentioned, Jaws made many people nervous about swimming in the sea, largely thanks to scenes in the movie showing the shark biting swimmers in a frenzy of teeth and blood.
George Burgess has spent 40 years studying the cause of shark attacks in his job as director of the Florida Program for Shark Research. According to him, the movie's depiction of great whites is totally unrealistic, as he told BBC World Service Program The Inquiry.
Will a single shark that's involved in a bite on a human be more likely to bite another human in the future?
In other words, is there something of the jaws image, as we saw unfortunately in the movies, of which you had a white shark that apparently had a grudge and would try to go after humans?
Well, nothing could be farther from the truth than that.
In the movie, sharks are portrayed as vengeful creatures who recognize and try to kill individual people.
The shark in Jaws had a grudge, a feeling of anger or hatred towards someone because of what they did in the past?
According to marine biologist George Burgess, this is nothing like the real behaviour of sharks in the wild.
He says nothing could be further from the truth – an expression used to emphasise that something is not true at all.
The actual truth is that sharks have been perfectly designed by evolution for their ocean environment.
In fact, they have hardly changed over the last 400 million years, making them even older than the dinosaurs.
Sharks' characteristic designs – their thin teeth and skin – allows them to thrive in their natural environment.
Listen to Oliver Crimman, Senior Curator at London's Natural History Museum, explaining more to BBC World Service programme The Inquiry.
If we look at the really successful features of sharks, you've got to consider this cartilaginous skeleton.
– that's no bone in the skeleton.
That flexible material that the skeleton is made of enables sharks to be very agile and it enables them to be athletic, and it's lightweight.
Sharks skeletons are made of cartilage – not bone.
Cartilage is a strong flexible tissue which connects joints in the bodies of living creatures.
Feel for the bony material in the fold of your ear – that's cartilage.
Rob Not having bones allows sharks to be both flexible – able to bend without breaking – and agile – able to move their body quickly and easily.
Boneless, bendy and built for speed, sharks really are the perfect evolutionary design.
citizens Yet overfishing and the cruel practice of finning, cutting off shark fins to make exotic soups, and returning the wounded creature to the sea to die, are threatening shark numbers.
Rob Which is why it's tragic that so many of their species are facing extinction.
And speaking of shark species, what was the answer to your question, Sam?
Sam Mmm, in my quiz question, I asked how many species of shark there are in existence.
Rob Yeah, and I guessed it was around 530 different species.
Sam Which was the correct answer, Rob.
And the variety of shark species is incredible – from giants like the great white to the tiny dwarf OK, let's recap the vocabulary from this programme, all about sharks – the ocean's apex predator – that's the top predator that hunts other animals but has no predators of its own.
If you hold a grudge you have feelings of anger towards someone because of something they did in the past. The phrase nothing could be further from the truth is used to emphasise that something is totally false.
Cartilage is the strong flexible tissue connecting bones or joints in the body.
Flexible means able to bend without breaking.
And finally, if you're agile, you can move your body quickly and easily.
So once again our six minutes are over.
Bye for now. Goodbye.
