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Hi, my name'sJosh. I'm from the podcast TheImperfects, where we interview our well-known people who look like they have perfectlaws, but like most ofus, infact, all ofus, they're often far fromit.
We interview people like James Clea and AdamGrant.
What do you do with the feeling of being animposter?
It's really tempting to trust your own judgment over otherpeople's.
What you're forgetting is that other people see you moreobjectively.
And I think what that means is if multiple people believe inyou, it's probably time to believethem.
Listen to The Imperfects on the iHotRadio app or podcast or wherever you get yourpodcasts.
Hi therefriends, it's me Josh and for this week'sSelect, I've chosen our April 2020 episode on ElizabethBlackwell, who is a complex person to say theleast.
And she's a great example of how nobody fits neatly into one group oranother, and she's a great lesson in how a person who you might hold different views from and values from can still be one of yourheroes.
I hope you get a lot out of this episode about ElizabethBlackwell, the feministicon.
Welcome to Stuff You ShouldKnow, a production ofiHotRadio.
Hey and welcome to thepodcast.
I'm JoshClark. There's CharlesW.
Charles ChuckWayne, ChoyneBryant, and there's Jerry JeromeRowland, theRizzy, and I'm justJosh.
Like just Jack was justJack.
Wow,okay. That's a heck of anintro.
Thankyou. Let's do a little jazz handsthere.
Just call meChoyne, Choyne from nowon.
Choyne. That's an awkwardpronounce.
It's really close toChoyne.
Rememberthat?Yeah.Swing, ohman.
I totally forgot about it until justnow.
Swing,Chuck.Swing.Swing.
That's how you have to sayit.
No, you can say itanyway.
Like,Swing.Yeah.Well, what I really love is that we're talking about America's first womanphysician, an amazing woman named ElizabethBlackwell, who had an amazing family and her story is incredible and we'resaying,Swing.
Swing at thebeginning.
Right. Especially considering that she was a rather pure tanical person in a lot ofsenses.
She would probably not have been down with ussaying,Swing.
No.No, because you knowwhat?
She and her family were Quakers and I know some Quakers and have known someQuakers.
They hateSwing. Theydo.
But you knowwhat? They lovewhat?
Beingawesome.Yeah.Yeah.
No. Imean, forsure. I get the impression that her entire family is a pretty good example of like a Quakerfamily.
Quaker, every Quaker I'm known has just had itlike, had it all figured out it seems like they're like the the Buddhists of theWest.
Yeah.Yeah. Prettymuch.
Theyalso, I think they also go by the Society ofFriends, which says a lottoo.
Yeah, I'm prettysure. And then if you remembercorrectly,Charles, our pacifist episode focused heavily on theQuakers, because they're big time pacifiststoo.
So ElizabethBlackwell, just by virtue of having been aQuaker, was a pretty interesting like upstanding upright person with with a good head on hershoulders.
But she also likeindividually,personally, was a very amazingperson.
And not just the fact that she was the first licensed woman physician inAmerica.
Yeah. But to getthere, she really had to blaze her own path and put up with a lot ofBS, you might putit.
And so much so that even inher, herautobiography, which was published in 1895 when she was in her70s, Ithink, she called it pioneeringwork.
And that was there's really no better way to putit.
She was absolutely a pioneer and not just getting herself established as a woman physician inAmerica, but in making it so that there could be more women physician in Americaphysicians.
And more and more muchmore.
So let's startwith,oh, I don'tknow, February3rd,1821.
What's significant about thatdate?
She was born as a littlebaby.
NearBristol,England, she was the third of ninechildren.
Her mom was HannahLane, who came from a family of merchants who had somedough.
And her pops was SamuelBlackwell.
He was a sugar refiner and alsoprosperous.
And like wesaid, they wereQuakers, which means that they were verycool.
They werenot, and this was1821.
They were not down withslavery.
They were activists againstslavery.
Yeah. They wereabolitionists.
They supported women'ssuffrage.
Herbrother,Henry, married LucyStone, who was very famous women's rightsactivist.
Her little sister Emily followed in her footsteps inmedicine.
Hersister-in-law, Antoinette BrownBlackwell, first female ordained minister in the Protestantdenomination.
Yeah. They were way ahead of theirtime.
Yeah. And you cantrace, Imean, both of our parents seem to be prettycool.
And you can tracetheir, the roots of their sensibilities back to theirparents.
Like, Samuel was adissenter.
Like, he was aQuaker, whichis, Iguess, a form ofProtestantism.
But he wasdefinitely, he didn't recognize like the sole religious authorityof,say, like the Church of England or anything likethat.
And so as aresult, his children could not go to public school and hesaid,fine, I've got somemoney.
I'm a prosperous sugarmerchant.
I'm going to hire the best tutors I canfind.
And not onlythat, I'm going to defy the conventions of England and have these tutors teach my daughters the same stuff that they're going to teach mysons, which is unheardof.
But that really formed the basis for especially Elizabeth's progression and education that she came to expect to be taught just like she was a boy because of how she wasraised.
Yeah.And, youknow, by allaccounts, her parents were both prettygreat.
Her dad was a very caringindividual.
He thought that all kids of any gender should reach their fullpotential.
Sure. He didn't physically punish hiskids, which was weird at thetime.
People arelike, why aren't you hitting yourkids?
Yeah. And hesaid, I don't believe init.
I've got a switch righthere, you canborrow.
Yeah, reallywell. You do not have aswitch.
That's what the dealis.
He doesn't have a switch or apaddle.
He's soquichless. Let's get him aswitch.
Sohe, youknow, they would have sort of like a demerit system in theirhouse.
And if you added up to too manydemerits, you would have to do something like eat by yourself in the attic orsomething.
That sounds horrificalso, like sticking a kid in acloset.
But I think it was just a room removed from the familydinner.
Yeah. It wasjust, you have to go away from thefamily.
We can't even bear to look atyou.
You make us want apuke. That'sright.
But everything changed when he lost his sugar refinery in a fire andsaid, you knowwhat?
Let's pack our bags and let's move to New YorkCity.
New YorkCity. That'sright.
New YorkCity. Do you remember backin, I don'tknow, like around2007,eight, I feel like it was right when we both started working around House of Works that a sugar refinery in Savannah blewup.
Yeah, I rememberthat. I wrote an article aboutthat.
It's like that sugar dustis, isvolatile.
Itcan, it can catchfire.
And I'm wondering if that's what happened to his sugarrefinery.
I betyou.Okay. So they moved to NewYork.
They lived in New York and in Jersey for sixyears.
As youdo.Yeah. And one of the cool things that I liked abouthim, hewas, he was a littleparadoxical.
So he was a sugarrefinery.
He made his money off of sugarrefining.
But the sugar industry was based almost entirely on slave labor around theworld.
Yeah. So how a sugar cane wasgrown, that's howI, he didn't useslaves.
I can tell youthat. But he still made his money in an industry that washeavy, heavy onslavery.
And infact, his children were such staunchabolitionists, even as youngchildren.
They were a few seed sugar because they knew that slaves had had a hand in producingit.
Yeah. So they wouldn'teven, they wouldn't even eat it askids.
Little kids wouldn't eat sugar because of the slaveryinvolved.
But he still made his money off ofthat.
But when he got toAmerica, one of the first things he tried was to introduce sugarbeats, which don't require slavelabor.
There's a much less labor intensive process of extracting sugar from sugarbeats.
And this was really revolutionary at thetime.
Like they think they first isolated sugar from beats in1800, like 30 yearsbefore.
And they had been introduced to America just like two years before he took thisup.
So he was on the cutting edge of sugar beatproduction.
But it didn't actually work out verywell.
No. His original sugar refinery went south in1837.
So hesaid, let me move toCincinnati.
And I'll get on the sugar beatthing.
But just a few weeks after they got to Cincinnati in August of1838, he died of afever.
And because he had lost that sugar refinery and didn't have the next sugar beat operation up andgoing, they didn't have a lot ofdough.
His family was left without a lot ofmoney.
Yeah. Which Imean, that's got to be really tough to go from wealthy tonot, youknow, and just one fellswoop.
But that's kind of what happened with Elizabeth'sfamily.
And a few yearslater, she resolved and she was 21 that she would not be dependent on anyman.
She's going to be self-sufficient and she was never going tomarry.
And she wanted to make her ownway.
And Imean, it's pretty tough not to trace that line directly backto, youknow, the state that her father left hisfamily.
And not in any waythat, youknow, that was his own doing or his ownfault.
But that was just the conventions of thetime.
And so for a woman to resolve that she would make her own way in life was veryunconventional.
But if Elizabeth Blacko wasanything, she was veryunconventional.
That'sright. So she and her mom and a couple of hersisters, they were teachers for a littlewhile.
And sheeventually, andwe, this is kind of jumping ahead abit, butshe, she did adopt agirl, a seven year old Irish immigrant orphan that she namedKitty.
Her name was CatherineBerry, and went byKitty.
And she was with her for the duration of herlife, but she never gotmarried.
And she decided to become a doctor when she had a really close friend who wasdying,saying, you knowwhat?
I think that I might have lived if I might have had a woman as a doctor because they're morecompassionate.
And I might have gotten bettertreatment.
And Elizabeth Blackwell waslike,whoa, that really speaks tome.
Yeah.The,the,the, think that the woman was probably dying of uterinecancer.
And she thinks that she wouldhave, she would have disclosed more of hercondition, possiblysooner.
And at the veryleast, she would have been more comfortable in her dying days being treated by a woman rather than poked and prodded by someman.
Right.Who, who seemed to be less compassionate than she believed a woman wouldbe.
The, the thing about Elizabeth Blackwell isshe, first ofall, she was struck bythis.
And she was sostruck, struck by it that she moved her to want to become adoctor.
But not onlythat, she had to overcome anatural, deep-seated aversion to the idea of the body or anatomy ormedicine.
Like she was not at all interested in this to beginwith.
And infact, she had an aversion toit.
But she was so moved by that woman and her experience that she resolved to overcome her disgust in her aversion at bodily functions and anatomy and become a doctorherself.
It'spretty, Imean, that's a really keydetail.
It is ahugely, Imean, that'senormous.
Like not onlyshe, like she just wasn't a kid who wanted to be adoctor.
Right. Like I'd love the sight of blood and internalorgans.
So this kind of fitsanyway.
Yeah. She had to overcome an aversion to it on top of overcoming the aversion that society had against a woman becoming a doctor because at the time itwas, it was considered that a woman couldn't know enough about the human body to be a physician and still be considered a morally upright woman that her morals were at risk of beingcorrupted.
Right. Just by knowing everything there is to know about the humanbody.
Yeah. Imean, let's behonest, they would have to see a male penis as part of theirtraining.
Sure. A PP.So,man, we're suchchildren.
Weare. So shesaid, allright, I'm going to dothis.
I'm going to get overthis.
I'm going to be adoctor.
How do I dothis? I'll just go to medicalschool.
Medical schoolsaid,no,no,no,no,no, women can't go to medicalschool.
Right. There are a few ladies around the country that are unlicensed physicians that worked as apprentices and learn theirtrade.
But you're not going to go this traditionalroute.
And medical school at the time was just weirdanyway, which we'll get into a little bitlater.
Butwe, Imean, we also got into it in our gray robbingepisodes.
Yeah. This was similar to thattime.
Oh,totally. It wascrazy.
It wasn'tlike, it wasn'tthe, I don't think doctors were as respected back theneven.
No,they, Iknow, because they were the ones who were who were cutting open bodies and just kind of figuring stuff out as they wentalong.
And if you went to adoctor, there was like a80% chance you were walking out one limbshort.
Yeah. Soshe, while she was ateacher, she boarded with families and she did a lot of this stuff in theSouth, which we'll get to aswell.
But two Southern physicians mentoredher.
She still could not get into medicalschool, ofcourse.
She had some physician friends who wereQuakers.
She asked them aboutit.
Theysaid, that's a greatidea.
Butno, it cost toomuch.
You're never going to be able to getin.
What you should do is disguise yourself as a man and go toFrance.
And she waslike, not a badidea.
If that's the best advice somebody's givingyou, you need to rethink the people who you take advicefrom.
It sounds like she wasgame,though.
But she decided to save money instead and apply to medical school in the UnitedStates.
So, and todaydollars, I didthe,the, the old inflationcalculator, three grand back then it would be about $85,000today.
Yeah. So that's a lot ofmoney.
Andshe,between, I think for a period of two or threeyears, went south and taught school and slavestates, which was very hard for her to do in order to save money for medicalschool.
Yeah, that'strue. She didn't know what she could get intoanyway.
Right.Exactly. And thefirst, the first place she taught inKentucky, she only lasted ayear.
She just found the social climate sointolerable.
Yeah. She wasreally, youknow, she couldn't put up withit.
And I don't know how she was able to better in North and SouthCarolina.
Butyeah, Imean, she managed in two years to raise 83 grand fromteaching, I guess rich kids in North and SouthCarolina.
Andshe,she, but shealso, while she wasthere, she'slike,well, I want to teach the slave kidstoo.
I'll do a probono. And theysaid,well, it's against the law for you to teach slavekids.
And theysaid, but you can teach them Sundayschool.
Shesaid,fine, I'll dothat.
And there was a great quote that came from her in a letter to her family in1845.
And I'm not sure what state she wasin.
Maybe evenKentucky. But shesaid, I assureyou, I felt a little odd sitting down before those degraded littlebeings, not saying they were naturally degraded that they had been degraded by otherpeople, Ibelieve, to teach them a religion which the owners profess to follow whilst violating its very firstprinciples.
It says itall, doesn'tit?
It reallydoes. She waslike, youknow, these people are a goodprofessor.
BeChristians, but are do not treat other people likeChristians.
And that's just such a quaker thing todo,huh?
That is a very quaker thing todo.
You want to take a littlebreak?
Yeah, let's doit.Okay, we're going to take abreak,everybody.
And we'll be back to tell you more about Elizabeth Blackwell's Progress toward MedSchool.
Thankyou. You can have hidden potential to be a betterpartner, to be a betterfriend, improve as aparent, so much discussion of how do we build ourcareers?
When are we asking the question of how do we build ourcharacter?
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My name isCurly. And I'mMaya.
And welcome to the Super Secret BestieClouds.
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That's what itis. In eachepisode, we'll talk aboutlove,friendship,heartbreak,men, and ofcourse, our favoritesecrets.
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Welcome to the SinoShow.
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SoChuck, like yousaid, she was mentored by a couple of doctors who she stayed with while she was teaching in North and SouthCarolina.
One of whom was actually a professor ofmedicine.
So he had all thebooks. He was very encouraging toher.
He taught her everything hecould.
And that was like yousaid, a way that a woman could become aphysician.
But an unlicensedphysician, certainly not one that was in any way established as an actual legitimatephysician.
And that was ultimately hergoal.
Yeah. Like she continued to get sort of tutored by different people in the South that she knew who werephysicians.
And it was great that these men encouraged her and tutoredher.
Said,here, use mybooks.
Butagain, like yousaid, she wanted to do the real deal and forge a path and not just kind of go the back doorroute.
So she applied to all the medical schools in New York andPhilly.
She applied to 12 more in theNortheast.
She was rejected by all ofthem.
And on the 30th application to Geneva Medical College in Western New York in1847, she wasaccepted.
And Isay, I raised my voice because she got accepted because it was a jokethat,well, everyone thought it was a practicaljoke.
The professorthere, the dean of the medical med school basicallysaid,Hey, let's take a votehere.
We'll have all the the men here that go here vote on whether or not a woman can come to schoolhere.
And if every single personsays,yes, she can comehere.
And if one person saysno, shewon't, they all thought it was a prankfrom, Iguess, the neighboring rival medicalschool.
So they WestGeneva.Yeah, theysaid,sure, let herin.
And it wasn't ajoke. And they did let herin.
Theydid. Andapparently, they were all verysurprised.
Like this almost sounds like an urbanlegend.
But from what Isaw, like this is across theboard, what happened that they they thought it was a practicaljoke.
And it turned out to bereal.
And that is how she ended up going to medicalschool.
Unbelievable. So when she showedup, she was taking this quiteseriously.
She was 26already. She spent some time like living around seeing thecountry.
Just she was26. Like this has a lot about a person over say like 20 or 19 or something likethat.
And so she when she showedup, not only was she a little more mature probably than some of hercontemporaries, she also was she was well aware of the convention she was breaking of the challenges and the obstacles that laid ahead ofher.
And there's a pretty good report like the fact that she showed up at medical school made thepapers.
And infact, the Boston Medical Journal even wrote up something about the fact that that she wasyeah, that she was there taking medicalclasses.
The Boston Medical Journal said that she comes into the class with greatcomposure, takes off her bonnet and puts it under theseat, exposing a finechronology.
Are you kiddingme? You're talking about the shape of herhead?
Yeah,yeah. This is the Boston Medical Journal at thetime.
Hopefully the BMJ has officially stopped usingphonology.
Yeah. In any way shapereform, but we'll have to we'll have to get a subscription and findout.
So we talked earlier about the fact that medical school at the time was reallydifferent.
It sounds like animal house orsomething.
It was very raucous as apparently when there werelecturers, you would make crude jokes outloud.
And no matter what you're talkingabout, it sounds like a bunch of children taking sex ed orsomething.
Yeah. And like the sixthgrade.
Yeah. But apparently blackwells affect on the whole like every class she went into was everyone took it a lot more seriously because she wasthere.
Yeah, becauseagain, like if you were aman, you acted far farfar, far differently around a woman at the time where you were just much moregentile.
It was just the socialconvention.
And so you had to bite your tongue in medical school if Elizabeth Blackwells in your class or you justdid.
That was just kind of the effect that she had on class just by being awoman.
But even beyondthat, there was this whole view that like these guys were somehow contributing to this woman's moral corruption by even being in the same class withher, let alone being the instructor teachingher.
And so one of the things she ran into in med school was she would sometimes be asked to go stepoutside.
Oh,sure. Because this particular lecture is a littlerough.
Yeah. And Elizabeth Blackwell did not truck to that atall.
No,no. She was very adamant that remember she was educated like a boy by the tutors her fatherhired.
She had a full expectation to be left out of absolutely nothing at medschool.
She was to be a fullphysician.
And so she was to learn everything that any physician wouldlearn.
And eventually over time she kind of overcame this gentile opposition to her presence by her professors and maleclassmates.
Yeah. And I think in no small part due to her serious take in her festitiveness and her the fact that in the end she graduated first in herclass.
Yeah. That says alot. She was the beststudent.
In 1849 she graduatedfirst.
Um,ultimately,uh, earn the respect of her fellowstudents.
Not to say that it wasa,um, it was acakewalk.
There were still plenty of jerksthere.
Uh, and youknow, a lot of them had animosity towardher.
Remember a cakewalk isracist.
Is itreally?Yeah. Remember we dida, we did aum, showon.
What wasit? I can't rememberthe,um, like words that have different origins than you would think are different meanings than you wouldthink.
Youremember?Yeah. I think I do rememberthat.
I'm sorryeverybody. I'm sorry for interruptingyou.
That'sokay. So it was no piewalk.
Well, goodsave,Chuck.
Still plenty ofjerks.Uh, there were some in therethat,um,would,um, would laugh at her some in there that would support her some in that would cheer ather, some in that would help herout.
But like Isaid, in theend,she, she got that degree first in herclass.
Apparently, and I don't know if this is the movieversion, butthe, the medical school'sdean,uh, bowed to her when she accepted her diploma and everyone busted out in aclause.
Yeah, that's what a newspaperaccount,uh,said,uh, from the correspondent who wasthere.
And they alsoadded, and brother Bluto became SenatorBlutarski.
Verynice. That wrapped everythingup.
Do you think that movie age aswell?
We're talking about animal houseagain.
I havein,uh, I haven't seenit.
I know why I should say sorry ina, in awhile, I'm notsure.
Oh,okay. I have seen it plenty oftimes, but I haven't seen it in awhile.
I'm sure itdoesn't. Itcan't.
Uh, I don'tknow,man, I think it's kind oftimeless.
Mm-hmm.Um,however, I've heard certain people that I won't name say it doesn't agewell.
No.Oh,yeah.Yeah.No, I didn'tthink.
You think there'sa, there's a raft of comedies from that era that just are not funnynow.
Wait, not funny orpolitically.
Oh,no,no, notfunny.Oh,gotcha.
Yeah. Doesn't age well is inlike, why isthis, why do people think this is a comedyclassic?
It's not even thatgood.
Gotcha.Gotcha.Okay.Yeah.
I'll have to watch itagain.
Ihaven't, I haven't seen it in awhile.
I don'tknow,man. I think it's kind of timeless in itscomedy.
Okay. Imean,sure, there are parts that don't age well in every otherrespect, like any comedy madebefore, like four yearsago.
Sure. That's whatI, orno,like, like the last fiveminutes.
I thought that's what you were talkingabout.
No, Imean, it's entirely possible because I've seen some comedies where I'mlike, thisis, this is not at allfun.
Like spies likeus, give me abreak.
Notgood?No. I haven't seen it in a longtime.
It's notgood.Yeah.See, now I'm afraid to watch some of thoseoldies.
Yeah. You would be chasedthough.
Ido. My dad taught mewell.
But ifyou, if you want to continue to cherish any movie that you used tolove, I would not riskit.
No, we'llsee. Unless it'sGhostbusters, that definitely holdsup,friend.
Yeah. That new one looks goodtoo.
Was the newone?The, the sequel sortof.
So it's technically Ghostbusters3?
Yeah. Or4. Imean,we, orwait, was there athird?
It was just the firsttwo.
Yeah. The second one was thenext.
There was a firsttwo. And then the third one hadlike, I think Kate McKinney andAlec, but it existed in a differentuniverse, didn'tit?
Yeah.Yeah. Thatwas, that was just areboot, which wasgreat, Ithought.
But this new one is a sequel many yearslater.
And I think it's one of theirgrandkids, youknow, stuff startshappening.
It looksgood. Paul writes init.
Okay.Oh, and what's his name'skid?
Rightman's kid is directingit.
It'sa,oh, he's greatJason.
Yeah. It's a Jasonrightman,Jam.
So that's goodstuff.Yeah.
Thatmight, he might be a little toohigh, high brow for aGhostbusters.
Yeah. Iknow,man.Well,hey, I can tellyou, youknow, who's spinning in her grave right now about a thousand RPMs who ElizabethBlackwell.
Iknow. I'm sosorry.Dr.
Blackwell. Should we take abreak?
I don'tknow. Who knowsanymore?
Allright. Let's take a break and we'll stop talking about dumb old movies right forthis.
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Hi, this is Hugh here from the Imperfectspodcast, where we chat to well-known people whose lives seem perfect from theoutside, but through ourdiscussions, they share the vulnerabilities and imperfections that make them who theyare.
We chat to people like James Clea and AdamGrant.
You can have an potential to be a betterpartner, to be a betterfriend, improve as aparent.
There's so much discussion of how do we build ourcareers?
When are we asking the question of how do we build ourcharacter?
Listen to the Imperfects on the I Heart Radioapp.
ApplePodcasts. We'll wherever you get yourpodcasts.
Very publiclytried,convicted, and sent toprison.
Whenreally, she was just telling her long-barriedtruths.
These tough questions are just a few that we'll be grappling with on our upcoming 10th season of FamilySecrets.
With over 34 million downloads and nearly 100 unique stories in ourfeed, we continue to admire and champion ourguests, whose empowering stories of resilience never fail toamaze,enlighten, andinspire.
Listen to season 10 of Family Secrets on the I Heart Radioapp.
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Welcome to the SinoShow.
I'm yourhost, SinoMcFarlane.
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Whether you're get down assex,drugs,alcohol, loveaddiction,self-hate,codependency, or anything else of thatmatter.
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Allright. SoChuck, I think where we officially leftoff, Elizabeth Blackwell received herdiploma.
The dean of the medical school stood up and bowed in theauditorium, broke out into apause, which is prettyawesome.
Apparently, although she won over herclassmates, there were still a lot of women actually of the time who were not very happy with what she'ddone, but she said nuts to youguys.
That'sright. I'm going to move to Paris and London and I'm going to pursue my practice there tostart.
That'sright. Which is a greatidea.
And when she gotthere, theysaid,wow, you were a real deal doctor and you have a medical degreehere.
Be amidwife.Yeah. A woman's sugarblue.
Yeah, shewas, she was led into midwifery andnursing.
But she's like really sort of trying to be revolutionary here because all she sees are these men walking around not washing their hands atall.
And she'slike, you knowwhat?
Is probably super important is personal hygiene and preventativecare.
And they'relike, what'sthat?
Yeah.Well, they literallywere.
What'sthat? Because this was early1850s.
And remember our great stinkepisode.
Oh,man. That was sogood.
So they were still operating under the miasma theory that it was like bad vapors and smells that made yousick.
Crazy. So her idea that it was like hand washing was part of this preventative medicine was really ahead of itstime.
And so in addition to being a woman who they were just discrediting out of handanyway, just for being awoman, they were also saying like you're talking kookystuff.
Everybody knows it smells that make yousick.
You nutjob. Go over there and deliver ababy.
And she'slike, but I haven't washed myhands.
We just told you it doesn'tmatter.