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Hello, hello, dear listener, and welcome into IELTS part three, second-hand items.
We're super experts on second-hand items.
Rory buys books.
I sometimes buy second-hand books and clothes.
What do people do with the clothes they don't want anymore?
I think there are only two choices.
Throw them out or give them away.
Probably depends on what condition they're in.
I doubt most people would want to give their tatty old jeans to someone in need if they're just going to fall to pieces or let the cold in.
Why do people buy second-hand clothes?
Well, lots of people don't have much money these days, so pre-owned stuff is more affordable than anything brand new.
And there's a great market for vintage clothes too, so the older variants of various items of clothing might even be more fashionable.
Some people think it's a waste to buy too many clothes for children.
Would you agree?
How are we defining children here?
If it's a baby, then yes, because they grow up so fast so they might outgrow things before they get a chance to wear them at all, let alone wear them out.
Young primary school children, on the other hand, often go through clothes that are rated nots, because they're always falling about all over the place and putting holes in things.
So it really depends.
How do people in your country recycle various items that they don't want?
Well, we're lucky enough to have a pretty good recycling infrastructure, so usually they can just fling them in a bin and off it goes to the recycling centre.
Plus, there's a load of charity shops in just about every high street, so it's probably enough to just drop them there too.
Should the government encourage people to recycle items?
Well, assuming it doesn't do more harm than good, then absolutely yes.
It's probably a good idea to be less wasteful in general, to be honest.
Um... because it can save money and allow people to make better use of things.
What problems will occur if people don't recycle?
Well, aside from a gigantic pileup of waste products, it's probably not great for people's mentality either, frankly speaking.
If people get comfortable being wasteful and just throwing things away, then it probably means they'll treat each other and the environment with less respect as well, which obviously in the long run, isn't great for people.
And that's before we even begin to talk about the damage it can do to the environment.
And what are the advantages of buying second-hand goods?
Well, apart from not wrecking the planet, be good for people's wallets since, from a price point perspective, they cost less than brand new clothes because there's less investment in creating them.
I think older things are generally better made as well, so they might last longer, than newer clothes which, generally speaking, are designed to fall apart faster.
Those are just the two I can think of off the top of my head though.
I imagine there are dozens more.
And what could be the disadvantages of people buying second-hand goods, not brand new ones?
The one that leaps out to me is if you're a child and you're seen to have second-hand clothes, then it could make you stand out in a negative way and paint your family in a bad light.
So you might look like you're poor.
But that's not really a problem with the clothes.
That's a problem with how society perceives people.
Even though I just said older clothes might last longer, they also might not last as long.
And so you might end up just continually buying more and more second-hand clothes which fall apart faster, or second-hand items which stop working faster.
Even though the initial cost is cheap, the cost of constantly replacing them might actually wind up being higher than just buying something new that will last for a long time.
But that depends on how much you look after them as well.
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Thank you, Rory, for your informative, logical, well-structured and super detailed answers.
And they're not even secondhand.
Do you feel bad, Ninus?
Yes, you should, because Rory gives like a really detailed, direct answers with examples.
Like you follow his ideas.
We keep talking about secondhand items, so used items, not brand new ones.
And usually people do something with the clothes they don't need anymore.
So they throw them out clothes they, dear listener, my clothes are expensive okay, or cheap.
So my clothes are cheap.
It's crazy, but clothes it's they so like.
What do people do with the clothes they don't need?
People throw them out or give them away.
So you can give away clothes or you can throw clothes out.
Rory, you said like tatty old jeans.
Tatty just means in a bad condition.
It's also a word for potato in Scotland.
Tatty, old, in bad conditions.
And, yeah, we usually say, like, tatty old jeans as a collocation.
And if such clothes fall to pieces, then people usually throw them out.
So, very often... our old clothes fall to pieces.
Like they're so old now.
We've been wearing them for ages, like our favorite shirt, and it falls to pieces.
People don't have much money, so pre-owned stuff is more affordable.
So, pre-owned stuff, second-hand stuff or clothes, right?
So, pre-owned This clothes had an owner before.
More affordable, more reasonable, so cheaper.
And secondhand clothes are more affordable than anything brand new.
So we talk about secondhand versus brand new clothes.
But they might be more affordable.
And also you can talk about vintage items, vintage clothes.
Such clothes are also secondhand, but it's vintage, you know.
Maybe it's from a famous brand, like a vintage dress, it's beautiful. second hand but yeah and you can say there's a market for vintage clothes which are pretty expensive and fashionable well they can be you can also say that buying second-hand items is good for people's wallet wallet is a bag where you keep your money usually men keep their money in a wallet and the second hand items might be made better so perhaps they are better made because it was ages ago and The materials were much better.
Yeah, there is a belief for that.
If we talk about clothes, material itself was much more, I don't know, durable.
And such clothes might last longer.
It might.
Or it might fall apart.
Fall apart if it gets destroyed.
So, last longer or fall apart.
Clothes could fall apart or different gadgets could fall apart.
Rory, you also said that when I asked you about the disadvantages of buying second-hand items, you said like the one that leaps out to me is yes because that was the first thing i thought of i know it's probably not the first the most obvious thing but it was for me yeah so the one that pops up is or the one that i'm thinking of now is or the one that leaps out to me so something that i'm thinking now is blah blah blah so a nice one And if people buy secondhand items, they might replace them.
All the time, they have to look after them carefully, take care of them.
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And another phrasal verb is stand out.
So if children wear secondhand clothes, they might stand out in a bad way.
Like everybody will notice that they're wearing old clothes and people could laugh at them.
So they will be visible to everybody in a bad way.
So they might stand out in a bad way.
Possibly.
It depends how snobby you are.
Babies outgrow things very quickly.
So a baby grow, kind of grows every day, every hour.
So a baby outgrows things.
That's why like, what's the point of buying new clothes for a baby when, like tomorrow, they will not be able to wear them?
If you wear out clothes, what happens?
They have holes in them.
They start falling to pieces.
You can wear out clothes, of course.
That's the most obvious one, but you could also wear out machinery as well, if it's used so much that it starts to be less effective or stops working completely.
And you can feel worn out, which is when you work so hard that you are tired.
Secondhand items, right?
So we recycle different items.
We encourage everybody to recycle.
How do we recycle items, products, secondhand things, stuff?
And Rory has very good recycling infrastructure in his country.
So here I can fling recycling items in a bin.
So you throw things you don't need in a rubbish bin.
Fling or throw.
And off they go to a recycling center.
Maybe you don't have it in your country or you are free to lie.
Dear listener, just steal Rory's answer.
What are charity shops, rory?
In your country, charity shops are shops run by charities, so you go to them and the money that you spend goes to the charity.
For example, i think next to my house there's a british heart foundation shop, so the money i spend there goes to the british art foundation and they spend that money on.
Helping people is the idea, But unfortunately there have been lots of scandals in our country where the money has been going to the CEOs of the charities because they get paid a very high salary, which is not so great.
And can you just give away clothes or you just buy things from a charity shop?
No, there's other things as well.
I've seen sets of glasses, for example, and books in addition to clothes, although the range is limited, of course.
You buy these products.
You can't just like give away your products.
Oh no, you can, you can, you can uh, give over your own things.
As long as it meets certain requirements, i can leave my stuff, right.
Yeah yeah, maybe maybe in your country you have charity shops, you can buy things or you can give away things.
The idea is to be less wasteful.
So when we recycle items, we are more sustainable, more environmentally friendly, and less wasteful.
If we don't recycle, what could happen?
Lots of trash.
So a gigantic pile of waste.
Gigantic means enormous, large, very large.
A gigantic pile of waste.
We say like pile of rubbish, pile of waste, like a mountain of rubbish.
So if people don't recycle, we'll be covered with trash and rubbish.
And if there is rubbish everywhere, people might treat each other with less respect.
So there is rubbish, people throw things away in the street and...
They'll treat each other with less respect in the long run.
Maybe.
I feel like people that embrace waste more generally are probably not very nice to other people compared to people who do try to waste less.
It seems like they would just value the planet and people and life in general more.
Maybe.
I'm not really an expert in human psychology when it comes to waste.
Lovely.
Thank you very much for listening.
We'll get back to you in our next episode.
Okay.
Bye.
So good, so good, so good.
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What do people do with the clothes they don't want anymore?
I think there are only two choices.
Throw them out or give them away.
Probably depends on what condition they're in.
I doubt most people would want to give their tatty old jeans to someone in need if they're just going to fall to pieces or let the cold in.
Why do people buy second-hand clothes?
Well, lots of people don't have much money these days, so pre-owned stuff is more affordable than anything brand new.
And there's a great market for vintage clothes too, so the older variants of various items of clothing might even be more fashionable.
Some people think it's a waste to buy too many clothes for children.
Would you agree?
How are we defining children here?
If it's a baby, then yes, because they grow up so fast so they might outgrow things before they get a chance to wear them at all, let alone wear them out.
Young primary school children, on the other hand, often go through clothes at a rate of knots, because they're always falling about all over the place and putting holes in things.
So it really depends.
How do people in your country recycle various items that they don't want?
Well, we're lucky enough to have a pretty good recycling infrastructure, so usually they can just fling them in a bin and off it goes to the recycling centre.
Plus, there's a load of charity shops in just about every high street, so it's probably enough to just drop them there too.
Should the government encourage people to recycle items?
Well, assuming it doesn't do more harm than good, then absolutely yes.
It's probably a good idea to be less wasteful in general, to be honest.
Um... because it can save money and allow people to make better use of things.
What problems will occur if people don't recycle?
Well, aside from a gigantic pileup of waste products, it's probably not great for people's mentality either, frankly speaking.
If people get comfortable being wasteful and just throwing things away, then it probably means they'll treat each other and the environment with less respect as well, which obviously in the long run, isn't great for people.
And that's before we even begin to talk about the damage it can do to the environment.
And what are the advantages of buying second-hand goods?
From a price point perspective, they cost less than brand new clothes because there's less investment in creating them.
I think older things are generally better made as well.
So they might last longer than newer clothes which, generally speaking, are designed to fall apart faster.
Those are just the two I can think of off the top of my head though.
I imagine there are dozens more.
And what could be the disadvantages of people buying secondhand goods, not brand new ones?
The one that leaps out to me is if you're a child and you're seen to have secondhand clothes, then it could make you stand out in a negative way and paint your family in a bad light.
So you might look like you're poor.
But that's not really a problem with the clothes.
That's a problem with how society perceives people.
Even though I just said older clothes might last longer, they also might not last as long.
And so you might end up just continually buying more and more secondhand clothes which fall apart faster, or secondhand items which stop working faster.
Even though the initial cost is cheap, the cost of constantly replacing them might actually wind up being higher than just buying something new that will last for a long time.
But that depends on how much you look after them as well.
Thank you.