This is the Global News Podcast from the BBC World Service.
Hello, I'm Ankur Desai, and at 16 GMT on Friday the 22nd of May, these are our main stories.
The US Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, says the United States is constantly reassessing its relationship with the NATO military alliance.
Elsewhere protests have broken out in Turkey after a university known for its liberal politics was closed by a decree from the president.
And Manchester City have confirmed that their manager, Pep Guardiola, will leave the English football club after 10 seasons.
Also in this podcast, scientists at Oxford University are working to create a new Ebola vaccine as the number of suspected cases rises to 750.
There are various scientific and logistical challenges to get over.
But in general terms it should be possible from a starting gun in two to three months maybe that sort of timescale to have vaccines that could be deployed.
And... The controversy is huge.
I think when it first got launched, most people's instinct is to say that this is not fair, that this is a bit of a farce, a bit of a spectacle.
Las Vegas is gearing up for the enhanced games, which will allow athletes to use banned substances.
NATO is officially an alliance, but there's a lot right now that its members seemingly aren't aligned on.
The US is upset with other nations for not doing more to help during the war with Iran.
European countries though, have had their own concerns with Donald Trump's pressure to annex Greenland from Denmark.
So when foreign ministers met in Sweden today for the first time since the Iran war broke out, there was a lot to discuss.
Before the summit, NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte had some praise for the US Secretary of State, Marco Rubio.
One of the big issues now, of course, is Iran, the Strait of Hormuz.
I hear from many of my colleagues here that it is not acceptable that the freedom of navigation is trampled upon as it is at the moment.
And we have to think how we collectively can deal with this.
And I think everybody acknowledges that the United States degrading the nuclear capability of Iran, but also the long-range missile capability of Iran, is crucial for the Middle East, for Europe, for the whole world.
So again Marco, thank you for being here, for your incredible leadership and being such a staunch supporter of our transatlantic bond.
So how did the summit go?
And is the alliance any stronger now?
Here's Mr Rubio speaking after it had finished.
My job here today was to come and set the stage for what will hopefully be a successful leaders meeting in Ankara in about six weeks.
I think we all know what the situation here is.
Number one is, like always, and this is not new.
If you go back 30 years, there's never been a time in which there hasn't been a debate in American politics about what our presence and our contribution to NATO should be.
And that is always driven by what is the value of NATO to the United States.
I understand NATO is valuable to Europe, and it should be.
It also has to be valuable to the United States.
So we always have to make that argument in every administration, in every era.
And that's what we're in the process of doing now, is explaining.
This is the value of NATO to the United States.
Related to that is what our force posture is within that alliance, what our contributions are.
So obviously, one of the things that I've always used and I've long been an advocate for NATO in my time in the Senate, and one of the arguments I always made was that these bases in the region provided us logistical options that we wouldn't otherwise have.
And when some of those bases are denied to you during a conflict that we're involved in, then you question whether that value is still there.
So that's going to have to be discussed.
There's no doubt about it.
I think there's also going to have to be some focus on how...
A year after the meeting at The Hague, how much progress has been made in terms of the increased contributions?
There are some countries that have doubled their defense spending over the last few years.
There are others that are still lagging.
In the end, the goal is to have a NATO that is strong, and the stronger our NATO allies are, the stronger NATO is going to be.
Our US State Department correspondent, Tom Bateman, was at the meeting after travelling there with Mr Rubio.
I asked him what impact the Iran war has had on the alliance.
Well, you know, this has been a significant clash that has really emerged.
I mean, not just during the course of the Iran war, but of course, for many months beforehand.
So, you know, we've seen this relationship deteriorate.
And I think Mark Rutter, the chief of NATO, desperately trying to sort of hold things together to do the bidding for european nato countries but also to say the kinds of things that will keep mr trump on board with the very concept of nato.
But this is a crisis.
I mean, let's be clear about that.
After the us israeli attacks on iran, mr trump described his nato partners as cowards at one point, saying that they hadn't come to the aid of the Americans, particularly over the issue of trying to reopen the Strait of Hormuz.
Now, what you hear from many NATO countries privately is that they say two things.
Look, the concept of NATO is a defensive pact. between these countries.
It is not about wars of choice, and they also argue that they weren't consulted over what happened in Iran, and so therefore they argue that how could they have helped in many ways?
Now, what we heard from Mark Rutter yesterday here in Sweden was he was saying there have been thousands of instances of NATO countries supporting US operations in Iran through bases in Europe, through refueling, restocking and so on.
But still, I think the Americans don't think it's enough.
Yeah, and I guess the war with Iran has shown more than ever that Donald Trump needs his European partners for refuelling and logistics support, because there were unconfirmed reports that, because of the current sort of frostiness between the two, that maybe the US might not send as many troops if a NATO ally came under attack, for example.
Yeah, I mean, that's exactly the point.
I think you hear from Mark Rutter and from other NATO countries is that they say they absolutely have supported the US, that it would have been feasible or possible for them to project this kind of force if it wasn't for the european bases.
On that point about the, this is known as the nato force model and what this is is a pool of troops that are available in the event that a nato country is attacked.
Now There's been unconfirmed reports this week that the Americans could announce that it's prepared to shrink that number of available forces.
So there is still this air of punishment, as far as Washington is concerned, over some of its NATO allies.
Tom Bateman reporting from Sweden.
Next to Istanbul.
Öğrenci dayanışması!
Where students at Bilgi University have been protesting after news that it's been closed by presidential decree.
The university is private and is known for its liberal politics.
The future of its more than 20,000 students remains uncertain.
Reporter Hilken Boran is in Istanbul and is following the story he gave us this update.
We only know that a presidential degree was published on the official gazette last midnight.
And the faculty I've talked to from Bilgi University have said that this came as a surprise to them, to students and to the administrators in this college, which is one of the most prestigious private institutions of Turkey.
Is there anything in the sense that there is a reputation for being a liberal university, for its liberal politics?
And is that something that goes against maybe the president and his politics?
And is that maybe a reason some are using as to why it's been closed down?
Those are big question marks and I think they will remain as question marks for now, because we have not heard anything from officials so far.
What we know from having spoken to the members of faculty and teachers is that this came as a surprise to them.
And one professor I talked to said that the College is not in any financial trouble.
There were no disputes between the government and the college administration prior to this decree.
And it has been run by a government-appointed trustee for a number of months before the decree, due to a number of investigations, including money laundering.
And they have been expressing that there were no prior warnings or disputes with Turkey's high education board.
This is the institution that usually rules on universities, especially when it comes to closures and other preventative measures.
Now, we heard some of the protests there before you came on.
There are some 20,000 students there.
Do we know anything about what happens next to them?
And have you been speaking or hearing about their reaction to what's been happening?
I've been in touch with about a dozen of students who are inside the campus who are protesting the decree and the decision as we speak.
And they're very concerned.
It is total chaos in there right now.
They're voicing dismay and concern about their academic future, first and most importantly, because they don't know what is going to happen to them later.
The rules are not clear at this stage.
We don't know what's going to happen in terms of the legislation.
And one of the students I talked to who say that they're going to graduate in one month say that they don't know whether they'll be able to get a diploma or not.
And the professors say they have not been notified.
There's total confusion in the classrooms.
Some professors are trying to continue with their lectures.
Others are dismissing classes.
It's It's a total chaos.
The atmosphere is very confused.
The authorities have said that they're taking urgent measures to ensure activities continue and prevent hardship for the students and faculty.
Our reporter Hilken Baran reporting from Istanbul.
Now to the latest developments with the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
World Health Organization say there have been now 177 suspected deaths and 750 suspected cases.
The head of the WHO, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, says the organisation has upgraded its risk for Ebola within the DRC to a level which indicates high fatality and high transmission.
The Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is spreading rapidly.
Previously, WHO assessed the risk as high at the national and regional levels and low at global levels.
We're now revising our risk assessment to very high at the national level, high at the regional level and low at global level.
The DRC's health minister, Roger Kamba, says this outbreak is proving more challenging because this is a different strain of Ebola than the country usually deals with.
The symptoms are less than the symptoms in Ebola Zaire.
So it can be the symptoms which we can find in other diseases, in malaria, in other diseases.
So those two things don't help us very well.
It didn't help us at the beginning because people were staying at home and they didn't know that it could be a very challenging disease.
The current outbreak is caused by the Bundibugyo strain, which has no vaccine.
Efforts are underway at Oxford University in the UK to change this.
My colleague James Menendez spoke to Professor Andrew Pollard, the director of the Oxford Vaccine Group, which also helped develop the AstraZeneca shot.
We're just right at the very beginning of that work.
It's led by my colleague, Professor Teresa Lam.
And what we're doing is using the same technology we used in the COVID-19 pandemic to develop the vaccine.
And it takes a small protein from the surface of the Ebola virus, this particular strain, into the vaccine to then stimulate the human immune system to make responses against the virus.
And that was the technique that was used to produce that AstraZeneca COVID vaccine.
What are the benefits of that technique that way of building a vaccine?
What we've really seen over the last six years or so is that there are two technologies which allow really rapid development of vaccines.
One is the viral vectors, which is like the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine for the COVID pandemic.
And the other is the RNA vaccines, which Moderna and Pfizer developed.
And so both of those types of technologies are likely to increasingly be used in response to unexpected outbreaks like this.
And so what is the timescale?
I mean how long is it going to take to develop this vaccine and start testing it?
Well, it's very difficult to answer that question at the moment in specific terms because there are various scientific and logistical challenges to get over.
But in general terms, it should be possible from a starting gun perspective.
In two to three months maybe that sort of timescale to have vaccines that could be deployed when you haven't got any initial material already produced.
Deployed in the field, what, including clinical trials?
So the deployment is clinical trials, and the World Health Organization at the moment is working around the clock to plan how those trials might be executed.
It's not a licensed product at that point.
But in a scenario like this, you have to remember, with Ebola, that the mortality may be between 30 and 50 of those infected.
So it's a really high consequence infection compared with something like COVID.
So it's a very different scenario that you're dealing with here.
Professor Andrew Pollard.
It's been nearly three months since the US and Israel launched their war on Iran.
And yet during the heaviest attacks, it was very hard to hear the voices of people in Iran.
Now a new BBC podcast has captured what it was like in those most dangerous of times.
Two Iranian sisters, one in the UK and one in Iran's city of Shiraz, recorded their conversations and, despite the risks, have shared those with the BBC.
Our World Affairs correspondent, Caroline Hawley, presents When Shiraz Calls and she told us more about the women she spoke to.
They're young, they're middle class, they are separated by distance but they are very close.
And war often separates families, doesn't it?
But you've got the added dimension in Iran of the internet blackout that's imposed by the regime, the fact that communications have been cut so Iranians abroad are can't ring into Iran.
They have to wait for their family to ring them.
So you get really the torment of not knowing how someone is reflected in these conversations.
And you're going to hear first from the sister in Shiraz, who we're calling Leila, and her words are voiced by an actor.
I tried to call you when it was happening, but you didn't answer.
Leila, they're saying Shiraz has been really badly hit.
Yeah.
The missiles were coming.
I don't know if it was from jets or launched from another country.
I wanted you to hear it.
It was so close.
You could hear the gap between the missile being launched and it hitting.
And for the first time, I got scared.
It was terrifying.
Honestly.
Honestly, I'm so angry, half my face has gone numb.
I swear to God, don't let anything happen to you.
So you hear the fear expressed there, but also anger.
And what you have is Iranians caught between a damaging war and a regime that many of them hate.
And what we hear from Leila is reports of the regime tightening its grip at home.
Leila hears pro-government supporters and some of them are now armed marching near her house.
And she hears about schoolchildren being told to go out and wave flags if they want to get good grades.
And then you also hear of an economic crisis that existed before the war and, in fact, was the spark for the protests in January.
The crisis was terrible before the war, but now it's really, really biting.
And Leila sees this firsthand because she's a doctor, she works in an AE department and she sees patients who have run out of money, who said they haven't been able to afford their medications for a month.
I was on shift yesterday.
I went into the pharmacy.
I needed to enter a few medication codes for someone.
A woman came in and said she wanted a thermometer.
They'd given her a list of things to get for her child.
Right.
She asked the price.
They said 200,000 tomans.
She said, can you give it to me and I'll bring the money later?
They said no.
She genuinely didn't have the money.
I'm still buying medicines.
With your own money?
Yeah, with my own money.
You give them for free?
Some of them, yeah.
I think they're really important conversations because they show the sort of sense of uncertainty that people are now living with.
They can't plan ahead.
They don't know if a ceasefire is going to hold.
And Leila says she's measuring time not in hours or days, but in the years of her youth that are slipping away.
I found that quite moving.
Caroline Hawley reporting.
Still to come in this podcast.
The new owner's desire to please Trump could put pressure on late night host and frequent Trump critic, Stephen Colbert.
The major American talk show ends after three decades.
But was it cancelled to save money or because the host is a critic of Donald Trump?
This is the Global News Podcast.
On Sunday, the world will be introduced to the first ever enhanced games in Las Vegas.
Enhanced because the athletes will be allowed to use drugs that are banned in competitions elsewhere.
As you might imagine, plenty of people are not impressed.
The head of World Athletics, Lord Koh, said taking part would be moronic.
The founders of the event reckon they're pushing the boundaries of what super-fit humans can achieve.
My colleague James Copnell spoke to Sam Ryder, a health and fitness journalist who's written about the enhanced games.
In terms of what's allowed, anything that is FDA approved in America is permitted.
However, that includes a lot of things that are very much banned on the WADA list of substances.
So things like...
TRT, testosterone replacement therapy, human growth hormone and certainly peptides, which are very controversial in terms of very new to the market, but most of them are still being very regulated, so it's a bit unclear about the kind of legitimacy of some of these medications.
Is the argument here that in something like athletics, many athletes are taking drugs.
They simply aren't caught, and so therefore it should all just be brought out into the open.
This is one of the kind of main arguments that the people behind it have been championing for the last two, three years.
I mean there's data that suggests that up to maybe 40 44 of athletes at the kind of Olympic level have previously perhaps taken substances that were banned.
However, you know, it's very difficult to prove these points.
And I think WADA would be very clear that the latest data on athletes at the highest level is almost all of them are very clean.
There's two kind of strands to this story.
There's the sporting spectacle, which we're talking about now.
And then there's the fact that it's a bit of a shop window for the company behind the scenes in terms of them kind of trying to legitimise the use of substances like TRT at this kind of elite sporting level.
Has the Games managed to attract names or high achievers from these various fields of sport?
So yeah, I think some of the biggest names that you could see lining up on Sunday are the US 100-meter sprinter, Fred Curley recently won bronze in Paris and then silver in Tokyo before that.
So this is one of the fastest men on the planet that you've got lining up here.
Then there's British swimmer Ben Proud is quite a big name, also a silver medalist at the Olympics.
Then you've also got someone such as Hafur Bjornsson, who's the deadlift world record holder, who lifted 510 kilos, I think, last year in Birmingham.
It's going to be pretty controversial, isn't it, all this?
The controversy is huge.
I think, when it first got launched, most people's instinct is to.
You know, the gut instinct is to say that this is not fair, that this is a bit of a farce, a bit of a spectacle.
And I think the fact that it's in Sin City, in Las Vegas, on Sunday, it's a one day event rather than a four day event.
The number of athletes that they've signed up are perhaps not quite as many as they would have liked to initially.
I think you still have a bit of a split between people who really think this could be the future of sport and kind of entertainment and others who just don't want to touch this at all.
So I can think we'll play out if loads of records get broken on Sunday, that might create a bit more of a stir.
So we'll see what happens. health and fitness journalist Sam Ryder.
Now to the end of an era.
Welcome, welcome, welcome friends to The Late Show.
I'm your host Stephen Colbert and to everyone...
After 33 years, the US TV institution The Late Show has broadcast for the final time.
The programme, which broadcasts from New York, was hosted by David Letterman for more than two decades before being taken over by Stephen Colbert in 2015.
The showbiz journalist Janelle Riley gave her assessment of the final show.
I loved how he started it off by saying you know, he didn't necessarily want to do anything special, wanted to do an ordinary show to some degree.
And to that end, he did like a pretty standard monologue.
But then so many wonderful guests popping up.
Ryan Cranston was there, Ryan Reynolds, Paul Rudd.
They were all competing to be, you know, the final guest was actually Sir Paul McCartney.
It was a little sad in context but like I thought it really was a celebration and really went off on a high note.
Jimmy Kimmel, one of his competitors, was saying that this isn't the way that late night TV used to be.
You know, when it was Jay Leno and David Letterman, it was notoriously combative.
They were competing for guests.
They kind of like didn't acknowledge each other.
But now you have Jimmy Kimmel, Jimmy Fallon and Stephen Colbert all in the same time, slots airing against each other.
And they took their shows off for the night out of respect for Colbert's last show.
The US television network CBS announced it was cancelling the show last July, insisting the decision was based on financial reasons.
Just a few days earlier, the host had also taken aim at his corporate bosses at CBS and its parent company Paramount, saying they'd settled a million-dollar lawsuit with President Trump to make way for a Paramount Skydance merger.
Paramount's owners are trying to get the Trump administration to approve the sale of our network to a new owner, Skydance.
And some of the TV typers out there are blogging that once Skydance gets CBS, the new owner's desire to please Trump could put pressure on late-night host and frequent Trump critic, Stephen Colbert.
Our North America correspondent, Joel Gunter, explains the political nature of the show's cancellation.
Late night talk shows are, of course, very popular in the US.
The Late Show is an institution.
Stephen Colbert's run for about the past decade or so has coincided more or less with...
Trump being in power, of course, Biden was president there in the middle for a while.
But President Trump's administrations have really kind of shaped the show in lots of ways.
And in some ways, perhaps people will speculate, may have led eventually to its being cancelled.
Both Donald Trump and his appointed head of the Federal Communications Commission, who has the power to approve that merger, celebrated Colbert's sacking on social media, saying Colbert is finally finished at CBS.
You could take any person off of the street and they would be better than this total jerk.
Thank goodness he's finally gone.
Next, there are plenty of musicians who are outraged about the thought of artificial intelligence getting anywhere near their art.
But despite this, the world's biggest streaming platform Spotify, has just unveiled its first tool for making AI versions of songs by famous artists.
I asked our reporter, Will Chalk, whether this was a risky move.
Well, I think it is.
And I think it's clear from both what this tool is and how Spotify have launched it that they're very aware that it is.
So firstly, what does it do?
Well, hopefully it's not been released yet, but their press release does say it will allow fans to create covers and remixes of their favourite songs from participating artists and songwriters.
So, from the sound of it, you're on Spotify.
You have a song you like.
There'll be a button you can press and you'll be able to make a remix of it or a new version in a different genre to listen to.
Now, this is a deal that's been struck with Universal Music Group, and they're home to some of the biggest artists out there.
What this press release does stress multiple times is that this feature will open up revenue streams for artists.
So that is presumably to say that if you use this feature, you press that button and make the remix, the artist will get paid.
Now it also stresses that this is a feature that artists themselves will be able to opt in and opt out of.
So, to answer your question Ankur, there are clearly some attempts here to strike that balance in an industry that's been up in arms about AI models being trained on music and the fact that musicians themselves often get nothing in return.
But have they struck that right balance, though?
Well, to find out, I asked a singer-songwriter called George Gad, who is staunchly anti-AI.
And actually, he said he could see both sides.
I can completely see the innovations that they are trying to make in an age where people are going to gigs a lot less.
So you do need that engagement between listeners and artists.
That being said however, I do think that this could potentially be a way of someone butchering one of my songs, for instance, and me not having the final say in it.
Assign them that this maybe not be deeply unpopular within the industry, but I think the question it does beg.
Given all the fancy things that I can do, have Spotify, by treading this line, created a tool that people will actually want to use because it's going to be a paid for add on?
You'll have to spend money on this.
And I wonder whether it's going to be a bit like a children's toy and get boring quite quickly.
A football story to finish the podcast from here in the UK.
Manchester City have confirmed manager Pep Guardiola is leaving after 10 seasons in charge and 20 trophies.
The news was confirmed three days after City missed out on winning the English Premier League title.
When asked why he was leaving, Pep Guardiola said there is no reason, but deep inside I know it's my time.
I asked our sports reporter Patrick Geary to put into context just how special Guardiola is.
There are two ways of looking at this, really.
If you just look at it in terms of trophies, it's remarkable.
20 trophies over the course of the decade.
Manchester City winning their first ever treble.
That's the FA Cup, the Premier League. and the Champions League in the 2022-23 season.
So that in itself is remarkable.
But I think Guardiola goes beyond just weighing it in silver.
It's about style as well.
Guardiola's style of play means possessing the ball, being comfortable with the ball.
And that applies to all the players, even the goalkeeper.
And that style of football has gone beyond just Manchester City.
It's become the prevailing philosophy in much of English football.
That goes even beyond the Premier League, down to lower levels.
You'll see the goalkeeper passing out from the back.
It sometimes alarms some fans watching.
It's quite a risky style of play.
But that is what Pep Guardiola has brought into English football.
And it makes him such a significant figure.
And when we talk about legacy as well, we can compare him to other footballing greats like Sir Alex Ferguson, who dominated English football for so long, Carlo Ancelotti, the current Brazilian manager, and had such great success at Real Madrid.
Where will he rank, I guess, in the pantheon of greats?
Well, it's difficult to assess him in a way because there are caveats that people will apply to him.
There, of course, has been enormous spending at Manchester City over the course of the decade, well over a billion pounds.
There are still the 115 charges which they face on issues around finances.
But Guardiola's success and the way that he has achieved it surely puts him up there with some of the greatest managers in English football.
And he's also he's he's reinvented his team over that period, a bit like Sir Alex Ferguson did with Manchester United.
It's not just one team he's created.
He's kept rotating the players.
He's kept bringing new players through.
He's used the academy at times.
So that I think would place him up there with some of the most significant managers that we have seen in English and European football.
He's of course won trophies now in Spain, Germany and and England.
So he's achieved pretty much all there is to achieve as a manager, and I think for that reason he would have to be placed up in the very highest company.
And do we know what next for him then?
It's difficult to know with Guardiola.
He is his own man.
I think after he left Barcelona, he just took a year out of the game of sabbatical.
So he may do that.
I think he's spoken about potentially being an international manager in the future.
Perhaps that would come up.
But he's a man who enjoys things beyond football.
He likes music.
He likes cooking.
He's spoken about perhaps wanting a bit more time to do some of that.
And of course, being a top class manager for so long does take a lot out of you.
It's quite a demanding job.
So perhaps perhaps a bit of time to himself.
And news also if your football allegiances are on the red side of Manchester, because Manchester United have named interim head coach Michael Carrick as their permanent head coach.
He's been given a two-year contract after winning 11 of his 16 matches in charge so far.
We'll see you next time.
This edition of the Global News Podcast was mixed by Pat Sissons and the producer was Helena Burke.
The editor is Karen Martin and I'm Ankur Desai.
Until next time, goodbye.
