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hello hello hello dear listener and welcome into ielts speaking part three plastic use and pollution hmm yes exciting topics if you have zero knowledge of plastic use and pollution in your region and the world it's a good idea to just go online and read a couple of articles in your mother tongue or in English about you know like what's the situation in 2025 with this plastics pollution and plastic waste Rory here is the authority Rory you are an educated native speaker with a band nine for aisle speaking yes but I didn't talk about plastic no you didn't but you do know stuff about plastic pollution right
well based on what I said in part Part two.
Yes, I have first -hand experience with this.
If you have first -hand experience, it just means that you have the knowledge of it based on your own life.
Yeah, we see plastic waste every day, right, dear listener?
Yeah, let's talk about plastic.
How can we reduce our use of plastic?
Well, switching to alternative materials would be a good start.
paper and cardboard are relatively harmless and biodegradable, so using them as packaging as much as possible would be good.
And indeed, they do this now for lots of products which used to be in plastic packaging.
Do you think we should use plastic products?
I mean, in some circumstances, it's unavoidable, isn't it?
For example, the hardened plastic casing on laptop computers computers couldn't be easily substituted by something else.
Or at least not without turning the laptop into a fire hazard. Why do people like to use plastic products?
Well, I'm not so sure they do like using them.
It's just a lack of viable alternatives.
Like I said before, sometimes using various plastic products is just unavoidable.
They might like the products because they're cheap and lightweight, that would make sense, but that's less about the material and more about what it does for people or what it allows them to do.
What kinds of plastic waste are often seen in your country?
Oh wow, it would be easier to talk about what isn't seen, frankly speaking.
It's a Western country, so there's a huge amount of plastic products and packaging that gets used on a regular basis.
Much of it is like the wrappers and food packets for food that get thrown away after the food inside of it has been eaten.
Do you think we can do without plastic altogether in the future?
Well, if alternatives that work well and can be easily mass -produced become available, then I don't see why not.
We would definitely need a replacement, though.
It's not like we can just abandon it overnight.
Too many industries rely on the use of plastics for that to be viable.
What can the government do to reduce plastic pollution?
promotion. I'm not sure there is much the government can do, really.
It's tempting to think they can enact laws and legislate the problem away, but that wouldn't be very effective if there's nothing to replace them with.
With that in mind, I suppose they could encourage investment in the development of alternative products and launch programs to incentivize their use.
That might be more effective.
Do you think that people could reduce their plastic waste?
I think they could, whether they will or not is entirely up to them, because different people have different needs.
So if it's someone like me, then I could do without a great deal of plastic, but maybe someone with a more hectic lifestyle that doesn't have the time to make these sorts of decisions couldn't do that.
But what do you think in the future, will plastic waste be reduced?
Well, I want to say yes, because people are more conscious of the fact that plastic can do damage to the environment.
So for example, things like microplastics leaching into water supplies can be a problem.
So now that we're aware of this and the consequences it has as they start to saturate our cells, we should be seeing less, but people don't always make the right decisions and sometimes change can be hard. So the jury's out.
Thank you, Roy, for your answers.
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See you soon! A very specific topic deals in plastic.
Yeah, let's get into it.
So we reduce our use of plastic or we reduce plastic waste.
Waste is just waste.
We don't say wastes.
Well, you can, but you wouldn't be talking about...
Yeah, wastes, I think, refers to areas of land, if I'm right.
I think also, yes, here we go.
A large area of barren and uninhabited lands.
And yeah, like the icy wastes of the Antarctic, according to Google.
Yeah, but here we talk about rubbish.
So in this context, we use just waste, plastic waste.
People throw away their waste.
OK, so just like waste.
Careful. And this is why it's important to be aware of this, not just because it looks good for the examiner, because you didn't make a mistake, but because the potential for the mistake to cause a miscommunication is there.
We reduce our plastic waste by switching to alternative materials.
So we use alternative materials, not plastic.
For example, paper and cardboard are harmless.
So they don't do any harm.
So instead of plastic, people can use paper or cardboard because they are bio...
Bio what? Biodegradable.
That just means when you leave them out in the open, they just decompose and go into the soil or wherever they're going.
I should say that's relatively harmless and biodegradable.
For example, some of the chemicals which are used to treat cardboard in order for it to be used in this way could also be quite harmful to your health and could also leach into the soil.
So it's not like this is a solution that solves all of our problems. it's a relatively less harmful solution, I think, at least. Biodegradable, dear listener.
Something that is able to decay naturally.
So it disappears naturally and usually is not so harmful as other chemicals.
So biodegradable packaging, for example.
And people could start using biodegradable packaging.
packaging also dear listener so people can avoid using single -use plastics and here we can say plastics meaning different kinds of plastics people could avoid using grocery bags like plastic bags or plastic wrap straws coffee cup cups plastic coffee cups so just like stop using them.
People could stop buying bottled water, okay?
So, just use glass.
Don't buy plastic bottles.
People could cook more, all right?
No. No, they could not.
Yes, they could. Just cook more.
No take -out containers, Rory.
You see, food take -out containers, they are made from plastic, normally.
so carry out bags are plastic so cook more purchase items second hand so just second -hand items recycle yeah and just buy eco -friendly packaging so pretty much what Rory like non -plastic packaging days here they go so bio degradable packaging or non -plastic packaging sometimes it's unavoidable so we can't avoid plastic plastic is everywhere actually it's even inside you know thanks to microplastics amazing viable alternatives so alternatives is like some other options like paper and cardboard but viable if something is viable it's able to work seetool level would yay Ben Ray yeah viable why is always
these words that are just so random yeah but it's quite difficult to use viable in the accurate context you see no it's not give me a question alright pick a random question there we go alright okay there we go random question are a Rory is there life on Mars well I don't actually think it's viable because the The atmosphere is so toxic and then it's just impossible for life to exist there.
Maybe in the past, but certainly not now.
See? It's not viable.
Nice. Nice. Use the word viable.
It won't work, right?
Usually we say it's not a viable plan.
The plan won't work.
You can say that we don't have alternatives to plastic, or we don't have viable alternatives to plastic.
And people use plastic because it's cheap and lightweight, so it's light.
That was a strange question, though.
Why do people like plastic?
Yeah, like. Like? Like, oh yeah, plastic.
Mmm, I like the smell of plastic.
Miam, miam, miam. Like, I like plastic inside my body.
Mmm. They like what plastic can do for them.
I don't think they like the plastic itself, unless you have some bizarre fascination with materials.
And Rory told us that there's a huge amount of...
Rory, amount of plastic products?
What? Amount of plastic waste, but not products.
Grammatically, maybe.
It's wrong! If I say the word amount, it's because I say it's like they're an amorphous mass of things, as opposed to just individual parts.
That's my explanation, and I'm going with it.
Oh, this is kind of a slip, a native speaker's slip, which is okay for Band 9, and normally these days people say there's a huge amount of people, there's a huge amount of books, of products, but it's grammatically...
Still, it's grammatically incorrect, correct but it's okay because um it's only once and yeah for band 9 it's okay test test check one two you know you need unique new york you know you need unique new york does that sound all right ah that's better you can always tell something's missing when you get isolated results like AI that's only right for one of your systems get AI that can work across your data and applications learn more at IBM com the AI built for business IBM so we can say that there's a huge amount of plastic packaging all right and to be on the safe side say there's a huge number
of plastic products and you can name some of them for example wrappers.
Wrappers is something that we wrap a product in so packaging or packets for food so containers for food bottles and also dear listener to be even more specific for band 9 you can say that we have micro and nano plastics.
Rory do you know what they are micro and nanoplastics I'm going to guess that nanoplastics exist at the atomic or subatomic level and bind to things there and that causes problems maybe if we talk about nanoscale technology then that's usually extremely small levels below microscopic yeah and dear listener you can learn just one word Poly -ce -lin… poly -ce -lin?
Poly -thi -n? Polyethy -lin.
Oh, polyethyl -in, okay.
Poly -eth -lin, yeah.
Polyeth -lin. Dear listener, can you pronounce this?
No? Well, then you can say just P E T Play -stix.
And here, when we talk about different kinds of play -stix, yeah, Yeah, you can say plastics, because P -E -T, poly, oh, I can't pronounce it.
Rory, say it again.
Polyethylene. At least, I think that's what you're saying.
Polyethylene is a type of plastic.
But there's another one.
Polyurathane, I think, is used to create plastic bags.
Yeah, so polyethylene is used in bottles and food packaging.
Audio listener, P -E -T, plastics, you can say.
What's that? Oh, is that polyethylene?
Yes, it's the same.
And another one is...
Oh, my God. Polypropylene.
So, a type of plastic used for many purposes, such as food packaging and artificial fabrics.
Of course. So, dear listener, yeah, for Ben 9, like, you can say, like, polypropylene or PP.
Or just... No, you won't be able to say that because you'll have to explain what it is for the examiner.
Yeah, yeah, Yeah, because examiner might not know what this PP and PET mean.
Or you just can stick to microplastics and nanoplastics.
And microplastics are tiny plastic particles.
Little plastic thingies.
Oh, yeah. That I used to some when.
Maria's just absolutely giving up.
No, it's just so difficult.
I won't remember all this like polypropylene.
Polypropylene. Yeah, I might remember polypropylene.
yeah so micro and nano plastics there you go the listener yay we can live without plastic or we can't do without plastic like we can't live our life without plastic like we can't do without plastic so alternatives could work and there is a replacement plastic products could be substituted with something or they could be replaced with something.
And a noun is there are replacements.
And I don't think that we can abandon plastic altogether overnight.
Abandon, like stop using plastic.
Or can you imagine?
Just McDonald's. Think about McDonald's.
How much plastic do they use?
McDonald's, hello, if you just want to sponsor our podcast, go ahead.
yeah but only if we're saying nice things about them as as far as I'm aware McDonald's packaging is actually mostly paper -based so they've done at least one thing right really so they don't use any plastic well I think mostly in this country for example the straws are paper -based and then on top top of that the packaging that things come in is cardboard as well oh mcdonald's uses a variety of packaging materials including paper and plastic oh i can i can imagine so but like um what i'm saying is that it's not a huge amount that they there are things that are definitely not plastic i think it would be
too expensive yeah um mcdonald's .com we are working to accelerate solutions that help reduce waste while also transitioning to sustainable packaging yeah so they kind of they want to use more ecologically friendly packaging interesting yam yam yam okay dear listener where were we plastic mm -hmm and then where we use the viable again he says too many industries rely on the use of plastics for that to be And right here you mean industries should be viable.
Industries use plastics to be viable.
To work, right? What do you mean viable in this sentence?
Well, for that to be viable would be for some sort of ban on plastics to work.
That refers to the legislation that would do that.
Or the removal of plastic overnight.
It's important to point out that overnight does not mean in one night.
it means in a very short space of time, which makes it an idiomatic expression.
Probably C2. C5. Doesn't go that high.
The government can do something to reduce plastic pollution, and people, so individuals, can do something.
I think you're on mute.
Workday starting to sound the same?
I think you're on mute.
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The government can enact laws against plastic.
Enact. So kind of can introduce, implement laws.
The government can legislate the plastic problem.
So, pretty much introduce new laws, legislations, regulations to reduce plastic.
They could encourage investment in the development of alternative products.
so the government could encourage like make people invest investment in the development of non -plastic products or alternative products the government can launch programs to reduce plastic like launch programs starts programs and a very nice word is incentivize to incentivize something just means to make know, make people want to do it or to find ways of encouraging people to do it.
So, for example, the government incentivizes various charities by giving them tax cuts.
So lots of charities are started and they receive their tax breaks because they know they won't have to pay tax.
They're more likely to work.
Also, you can say that the government can encourage the paperization trend.
Paperization is like everything should kind of be packaged with paper.
So, paper is a substitute for plastic packaging, substitute for, like a replacement for.
So, the paperization trend.
Everything is in paper, not in plastic.
so one of the trends in 2025 yay yes and also the government could invest into waste management so just how we manage our waste and rory here i have some information about plastic waste statistics 2025 okay are you ready dear listener you should know so it's like a welcome to maria school of important facts from the internet I have a feeling since we're about to talk about plastic waste this is probably not going to be good news is it no no no no so 91 % of plastic waste globally remains unrecycled oh god oh my god and most of it ends up in landfills or the ocean so most Most of our plastic, dear
listener, ends up in landfills.
Landfills, what are landfills?
Giant holes in the ground that you throw things in and cover them over to hide the fact that they were ever there.
Or the ocean, dear listener.
The ocean is polluted with plastic.
By 2025, global plastic waste is projected to reach 460 million tons annually.
Oh, wow. wow so dear listener every year like in 2035 the population of the world will produce 460 million tons of plastic I can't imagine this can you imagine Rory I just I don't I don't understand these are just figures oh and plastic plastic accounts for 10 percent of all waste generated generated worldwide wow only 10 percent of waste what's the rest of it what's the rest of it yeah it probably you think about things like food waste um if we are including sewage then obviously people are generating that on a daily basis waste generated worldwide tillis have you ever thought of how much waste
you generate and like how does plastic waste harm the environment so first of all ocean pollution so plastic is in the ocean we have this the great pacific garbage patch it's just plastic a patch of plastic is in the ocean it's called the great pacific garbage patch so threats to wildlife animals eat plastic then they die birds animals soil contamination soil is polluted with chemicals air pollution burning plastic waste releases harmful gases yeah and how can we reduce our plastic usage is avoid using single -use plastics like bottles improve recycling rates supports sustainable alternatives so go
for eco -friendly alternatives non -plastic materials interesting it's terrifying i know i know but i wonder like what kinds of waste are there in the world do you have a list oh yeah there you go food and green waste paper waste plastic waste glass waste.
And food is pretty much like 44%.
It's nuts. And on that positive note, hopefully this episode has not been a waste of your time.
Well, now you know, okay?
Maria's School of Education is over.
And we'll see you in our next episode, okay?
Bye! Maria's School of Education.
Rory, how do you like this?
School of Education, okay?
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How can we reduce our use of plastic?
Well, switching to alternative materials would be a good start.
paper and cardboard are relatively harmless and biodegradable so using them as packaging as much as possible would be good and indeed they do this now for lots of products which used to be in plastic packaging.
Do you think we should use plastic products?
I mean in some circumstances it's unavoidable isn't it?
For example the hardened plastic casing on laptop computers computers couldn't be easily substituted by something else.
Or at least not without turning the laptop into a fire hazard. Why do people like to use plastic products?
Well, I'm not so sure they do like using them.
It's just a lack of viable alternatives.
Like I said before, sometimes using various plastic products is just unavoidable.
They might like the products because they're cheap and lightweight.
That would make sense.
But that's less about the material and more about what it does for people or what it allows them to do.
What kinds of plastic waste are often seen in your country?
Oh wow, it would be easier to talk about what isn't seen, frankly speaking.
It's a western country so there's a huge amount of plastic products and packaging that gets used on a regular basis.
Much of it is like the wrappers and food packets for food that get thrown away after the food inside of it has been eaten.
Do you think we can do without plastic altogether in the future?
Well, if alternatives that work well and can be easily mass -produced become available, then I don't see why not.
We would definitely need a replacement though.
It's not like we can just abandon it overnight.
Too many industries rely on the use of plastics for that to be viable.
What can the government do to reduce plastic pollution?
solution. I'm not sure there is much the government can do, really.
It's tempting to think they can enact laws and legislate the problem away, but that wouldn't be very effective if there's nothing to replace them with.
With that in mind, I suppose they could encourage investment in the development of alternative products and launch programs to incentivize their use.
That might be more effective.
Do you think that people could reduce their plastic waste?
I think they could.
Whether they will or not is entirely up to them, because different people have different needs.
So if it's someone like me, then I could do without a great deal of plastic, but maybe someone with a more hectic lifestyle that doesn't have the time to make these sorts of decisions couldn't do that.
But what do you think in the future?
Will plastic waste be reduced?
Well, I want to say yes, because people are more conscious of the fact that that plastic can do damage to the environment.
So, for example, things like microplastics leaching into water supplies can be a problem.
So now that we're aware of this and the consequences it has as they start to saturate our cells, we should be seeing less, but people don't always make the right decisions, and sometimes change can be hard. So, the jury's out.
Thank you, Roy, for your answers.
No worries. We'll see you then.
