ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ็ฎญๅคด
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[๋„์‹œ ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ์ด์ฃผ: IELTS Speaking Part 3 ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ถ„์„]-[๐Ÿš Migration and urbanization (Part 3) + Transcript]

IELTS Speaking for Success ยท B1 ยท 2025-05-15

LanguageIELTS
๋˜๋Š” ์›น๋ฒ„์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š” โ†’

๐Ÿ“‹ Summary

๋„์‹œ๋กœ์˜ ์ด์ฃผ์™€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

๋ณธ ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” IELTS Speaking Part 3์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ '์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์ด์ฃผ'๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์™œ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1. ์ด์ฃผ์˜ ์›๋™๋ ฅ: ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ(Push)์™€ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ธฐ(Pull) ์š”์ธ

๋กœ๋ฆฌ(Rory)๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ '๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์š”์ธ(push factors)'๊ณผ '๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์š”์ธ(pull factors)'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์š”์ธ'์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, '๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์š”์ธ'์€ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ '์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜(novel experiences)'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ '๋‹จ์กฐ๋กœ์šด(monotonous)' ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ '์‚ถ์˜ ์†๋„์™€ ํ’๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”(change of pace and scene)'๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2. ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด

๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ '์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€(livable)' ๊ณณ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต๊ธ‰(stable food supply)'๊ณผ 'ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์น˜์•ˆ(reasonable security)'์„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ผฝ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์น˜์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜(mugged) ํญํ–‰(assaulted)๋‹นํ•  ์—ผ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œํ•œ '์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ(state of nature)'๋กœ ์ „๋ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3. ์ง์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ

์ง์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  '์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฝํ•จ(comfort of your own home)' ์†์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ(handy) ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง‘์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋กœ '์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(a stone's throw away)'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๋ฆฝ ์ฃผํƒ(semi-detached houses) ๋“ฑ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์œ„์—(on top of other people) ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐํ›„์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— '๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”(conducive to)' ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

4. ์ด์ฃผ ์ „ ์ค€๋น„ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ „๋žต์  ๋‹ต๋ณ€

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ '์ƒํ™œ๋น„(cost of living)'๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์ง€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” '๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ(destitute)'์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•จ์„ ๋А๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ •์‹ ์  ์ค€๋น„ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฉด์ ‘๊ด€๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด(we sort of touched on this)"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉด์ ‘๊ด€๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŽฏKey Sentences

1
I think it's safe to say that there are more of these in the cities just by virtue of sheer size.
์•„๋ฌด๋ž˜๋„ ๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ์›Œ๋‚™ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
2
By comparison, country life can be a bit slow and monotonous and many people might crave a change of pace and scene just because it's interesting.
๊ทธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ƒํ™œ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋А๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์กฐ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ์†๋„์™€ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
3
If you don't have those things, and others like them, cities can turn into something like the state of nature, and no one wants to live like that, do they?
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
4
Well if you're not one for moving around a lot or you like to save time then I suppose being a stone's throw away might be a handy thing.
๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ๊ฑธ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ฝค ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
5
I suppose the main choices are between houses in varying forms like semi -detached houses or bungalows or apartments in larger cities where space is at a premium and you just have level on top of other people.
์ฃผ์š” ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฆฝ ์ฃผํƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ๊ฐˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๊ท€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์œ„์— ์ธต์ธต์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
๋ชจ๋‘ ํŽผ์น˜๊ธฐ

๐Ÿ“Key Phrases

1
by virtue of sheer size
์••๋„์ ์ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•๋ถ„์—
2
crave a change of pace
์ผ์ƒ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•˜๋‹ค
3
a change of scene
๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ „ํ™˜
4
a stone's throw away
์ง€์ฒ™์—
5
in the comfort of your own home
์ง‘์—์„œ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ
๋ชจ๋‘ ํŽผ์น˜๊ธฐ

๐Ÿ“– Transcript

Welcome to IELTSpeaking, Part 3.
Hello, hello lovely and welcome to IELTSpeaking part 3!
We are going to talk about places in general.
Rory here has travelled to lots of places all over the world.
He's the authority, Band 9 authority, right, Rory?
Super traveler! That's true!

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๐ŸŽจ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ 
๐ŸŒ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž๋ฃŒ
๐Ÿ“ฑ ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ