This is The Happy Pod from the BBC World Service.
I'm Alex Ritson, and in this edition I like to learn what she's up to and get a perspective on the world that I don't get.
Our friendship has given me an opportunity to slow down and to be grateful.
It's a great experience for older people and younger people to get together.
I recommend it.
Two women whose chance meeting led to an intergenerational friendship tell us why it's something we all need in our lives.
The giant tortoises returning to an island in the Galapagos after nearly two centuries.
This really is the start of a new species.
So, as an evolutionary biologist, this is very exciting, because here we are repopulating the island and it's really a new start.
Plus the Gen Z divers restoring Indonesia's coral reefs.
Seeing the changes and growth of the coral from when we first transplanted it until it grows gives us a sense of pride.
Why getting out into nature can be so good for our mental health.
And the US veterans reunited more than 80 years after serving together.
We start in New York, where two women have developed an unconventional friendship after a chance encounter on Christmas Day.
Back in 2021 26 year old Nina was showing friends around the city during the holidays.
She was on the subway when she saw a leather wallet on the seat next to her, belonging to a then 84-year-old woman named Carol.
Instead of handing it in, Nina decided to find Carol and personally return it to her.
They've been friends ever since.
Five years later, one of Nina's posts about how they met has gone viral on TikTok.
Have a listen.
On the surface, it may not seem like we have much in common, but why do we have to seek surface-level likeness in everyone we look to as a friend?
We both see the world through a critical but hopeful lens and share the same dark, sarcastic sense of humor.
Her unbridled joy reminds me that everything eventually will be okay, and she appreciates my cultural commentary on Bad Bunny's Super Bowl performance.
She told me I give her hope for the future, which is nice to hear on my hardest days.
And who's gonna complain about a home-cooked meal that ends with cookies and ice cream every time?
Now aged 30 and 88.
Nina and Carol have been speaking to the Happy Pods Tamsin Selby about why their bond is so special.
Nina began by explaining what it was like meeting for the first time.
It was really nice.
She was so sweet.
And so she came, it was cold outside.
It was probably, I think it was probably the day after Christmas at this point.
She handed me a card and the card basically said me finding her wallet was the best Christmas gift.
Subsequently, she asked me, you know, if you're ever in the city or you know in her neighborhood to come by and maybe have a cup of tea together?
And so I thought that was really nice.
And it felt like a genuine offer.
She said that had I been her age, she would have thought it was an empty invitation.
But because I was older, she thought it was a real invitation, which it was.
And she followed up on it.
And we became friends after that.
Carol, what's your favorite thing to do with Nina?
I love to go to her concerts.
She's a singer and she sings in Farsi, Spanish and English.
And I also just like to talk to her.
I like to learn what she's up to and get a perspective on the world that I don't get.
They're probably more positive about the world than I am at this point and more ambitious, I'd say.
The way that Carol lives her life is very ambitious and inspiring.
Her social life, her friends, the way she keeps up with people, how active she is, how much she travels at her age.
And then also, like everything that she accomplished in her younger years, you know, coming to New York City as a single woman.
In the 50s and what you built for yourself and everything you accomplished.
I think, I think, and that's why I think it's important for people to have these intergenerational friendships, is because we have so much to learn from the people who are older than us.
We consistently go to people who are our age seeking advice.
Failing to remember that we're all kind of in the same boat.
Why not go to somebody who has seen it, who's done it and who can offer you insights that come from a world of experience?
I'm starting to work on a children's book with one of my friends that's inspired by Carol and I's story, because I want younger people to see value in those who are older than them.
Nina, what would you say is the biggest lesson that you've learned from Carol?
In the end, everything is going to be okay.
Life is going to happen how it's going to happen.
Some mistake you make or something that you don't do to the level that you want in the earlier part of your life is not going to determine whether or not you can be happy 50 years down the line.
She didn't do everything traditionally.
She did it in the way that made sense for her and that brought her happiness.
She also brings a lot of joy to others.
And it reminded me that there are a lot of roads to joy and I just have to decide which path will be mine.
I would encourage people to make intergenerational friendships.
There should be some sort of society and every community in which young people meet older people, because it's very important to have that connection.
It makes you remember your earlier life.
It makes you see life the way you saw it when you were younger.
And it's very comforting.
I grew up in a culture that has a lot of reverence for people who are older than us and sees a lot of value in people who are older than us.
And I think that has been a little bit lost on American society.
I think what you really need is to see people as more than just their age.
And finally, rather than speaking to me, we're speaking to each other.
What would you say about how the last five years, how the other person has impacted you?
Nina, do you want to go first?
Our friendship has given me an opportunity to slow down and to pause and to be grateful.
I think every time I come to your home, I feel such a sense of calm and safety and love.
And it feels a bit like an escape, because I feel like I can just kind of rest in who I am when I'm around you.
And I don't need to perform anything.
The experiences that we've had together are so special and unique and are things that have enriched my life so much.
And you've also brought joy to the lives of the people in my life.
I'd like to reiterate what she said, that she's brought a lot of joy into my life.
And I just hope our friendship continues.
It's a lot of fun.
She's a really smart, amazing person, a great friend.
I'm so happy to have met her and that she's accepted me into her life and into her circle of friends.
I've introduced her to many of my friends.
They love her.
It's a great experience for older people and younger people to get together.
I recommend it.
Nina and Carol speaking to Tamsin Selby.
The Galapagos Islands, a thousand kilometres off the coast of Ecuador, are home to many species found nowhere else on Earth.
And the unique wildlife of the archipelago has faced a number of threats, with some animals becoming extinct, including a species of giant tortoise which disappeared from Floriana Island more than a century ago following the arrival of humans.
More than 150 young reptiles from a closely related species have been reintroduced there.
My colleague Leila Nathu spoke to Dr Evelyn Jensen, an evolutionary biologist who's been involved in the breeding programme.
The Floriana tortoise went extinct around 1840, but in the early 2000s it was discovered that there was a living population of hybrids on one of the other islands.
Those hybrids were brought into captivity and their offspring are not the same species, but they have ancestry to the original extinct species.
And so the hope is that they will have the best chance of survival and doing well on Floriana Island.
Tortoises are hugely important, especially in the Galapagos.
They're the only large-bodied herbivore that's native to the environment.
And so they really are the ecosystem engineers doing the grazing, the seed dispersal, the trampling and basically making habitat for all of the other species.
And just talk me through what reintroducing them to Floriana would entail.
How would scientists go about doing that?
Well, I mean, they've spent years preparing the island for this.
So there's been huge campaigns to try and reduce or eliminate some of the key invasive species.
And then, of course, for almost 15 years now they've been captive breeding to get this population of juvenile tortoises.
We are expecting huge shifts in the structure of the whole community, and nobody's really sure how it's going to play out.
But it can only be a good thing.
The Galapagos Islands have from lots of invasive species, and having the native ecosystem engineers back there should help restore balance and move the environment back towards a more natural state.
The hope is that over the coming decades other species will have their populations increase as Floriana becomes more like it used to be.
And presumably these tortoises are now going to be tracked and monitored and hopefully they will then breed and the species will sort of run its course.
So they have GPS trackers on them so they can look and see if they're their movements and where they're going.
It's a relatively small group of young tortoises right now, 8 to 13 years old.
And so they're not going to be reproducing themselves for at least another 15 years, if not more.
But this really is the start of a new species.
So this is very exciting because here we are repopulating the island and it's really a new start for not the same Floriana tortoise but a new Floriana tortoise.
Dr Evelyn Jensen.
On the other side of the Pacific Ocean.
The waters around Indonesia's Spermonde Islands lie within one of the most biodiverse marine regions on Earth, part of the Coral Triangle.
Many locals rely on the health of the oceans for their livelihoods from both fishing and tourism.
But the reefs have been badly damaged from heavy shipping traffic, illegal fishing methods such as explosives and poisons, and coastal development.
So, as Lesthea Ketopati reports, a group of young women decided to take action, planting new coral colonies on the seabed.
They call themselves underwater gardeners.
Working together, they collect broken coral fragments that can still grow and then tie them onto metal frames, which they then place on the sandy patches of ocean floor where the reef once thrived.
Dila is one of the volunteers.
Seeing the changes in growth of the coral from when we first transplanted it until it grows gives us a sense of pride, especially for us women who can be directly involved and work hands-on in the field.
Divers must carry heavy oxygen tanks, descend in currents and spend hours underwater securing fragile fragments, as another volunteer Iam, explains.
It's actually not that difficult.
We are already used to carrying tanks.
They're not too heavy.
Collecting coral fragments and tying them underwater are still relatively easy for us to do.
Mudassir Zainuddin, a conservation activist, also promotes reef recovery through a programme he calls Coral Adoption, inviting the public to participate by supporting coral planting and monitoring its progress over time.
Transplantation and adoption both involve replanting coral.
Now we focus more on adoption because it involves the community.
They help guard and care for the reefs.
Videos of the divers working underwater have spread widely on social media.
Conservation groups say women often play a key role in spreading environmental messages because audiences respond strongly to their storytelling and visuals.
Despite restoration work, reef health across the region remains fragile.
Safyuddin Yusuf from Hasanuddin University studies local reef and said that thriving coral cover is now difficult to find.
Live coral cover above 50% is now very rare.
What we mostly see is below 50%.
Corals need a gentle touch because the polyps are very sensitive.
These young women provide careful handling when planting them, which makes a very positive contribution.
But the divers say restoration alone is not enough.
I invite young people to channel their energy into useful activities such as coral transplantation.
Even if it looks like a small activity, it can have a very big impact and benefits for society and the future.
Start with small things.
When snorkelling, be careful your fins don't break coral.
Another way is by not throwing rubbish into the sea.
Healthy reefs are not only important for marine life.
They also protect coastlines from waves, support fisheries and attract visitors whose tourism spending sustains island economies.
Our biggest hope is that coral reefs will not be damaged again.
Another hope is that tourism here does not disappear.
People come to places like this to snorkel and enjoy underwater beauty.
If the reefs are damaged, there will be no more tourists coming.
For these underwater gardeners, the work is far from finished.
But with patience and persistence, they believe the reef can bloom again.
We should start with ourselves to contribute to transplant activities to protect existing ecosystems so that future generations can feel what we feel today and can continue these transplant activities for our children and grandchildren.
Coral restoration volunteer dealer.
Ending that report from les thea curto patty coming up on the happy pod how an unwanted tandem bike traveled thousands of kilometers to transform power cycling in kenya.
There was no ladies for TADEM so I started searching where I can get bikes.
I really wanted to give the bike to Alice and we just had to work out how to get it across to Kenya.
We're often told, the best way to shed off life's stresses and relax is to immerse ourselves in the beauty of nature.
It's advice which was put into verse by the Welsh poet William Henry Davis more than a hundred years ago.
What is this life?
If full of care, we have no time to stand and stare.
No time to stand beneath the boughs and stare as long as sheep or cows.
No time to turn at beauty's glance and watch her feet how they can dance.
No time to wait till her mouth can enrich that smile her eyes began.
A poor life this, if full of care, we have no time to stand and stare.
Well, now new research has provided some scientific backing to this, finding that simply observing or standing and staring at one thing in nature every day for two weeks can significantly boost our well-being, especially if we take the time to write down how we feel.
James Kumarasamy went to a small park near London's Heathrow Airport to meet psychologist Dr Alison Greenwood today, who runs a charity that promotes the mental health benefits of getting out into nature.
Birds are there.
Sky.
We're in South West London.
We'll hear some aeroplanes.
That really helps us with our model because it kind of points out we still respond instantly very negatively to the sound of an aeroplane because it's a foreign sound.
Here we are.
We're sitting in a very modest environment.
Small environment, but it is full of the patterns of nature.
So tell us, what should we be looking at?
What is it doing to us when we're out here?
You're looking at the fractal patterns of nature.
And fractals are self-repeating patterns.
When we look at the fractal patterns of nature, it creases out alpha waves in our brains.
And alpha waves are an indicator of a wakefully relaxed state.
These are the patterns that you only get in nature, isn't it?
Absolutely.
You go on a walk, you'll see the patterns on a leaf are very similar to the branches of a tree.
And they exist in very small bits of nature.
They're also in the big bits of nature, so ocean waves, coastlines.
And the very exciting thing about fractals is that they exist in us as well.
If you look at the palm of your hand, you'll see the patterns on your hand, quite similar to the patterns of the branches of a tree or on the back of a leaf.
And it's just a lovely reminder that we're not like nature.
We are nature.
We're part of the same natural world, made up of the same natural fractals.
Most people's favourite sound is water.
And again, it's not too difficult to imagine why our brains respond so positively to something that is so much a sign of survival.
And we are water as well, aren't we?
Indeed, yes, indeed.
Psychologists often call the fractal patterns of nature soft fascination.
The impact on the autonomic nervous system in terms of switching us from our sympathetic nervous activation so that's our fight-flight processes into our parasympathetic nervous activation, that's our rest-digest is kind of instant when we go outside.
And there's that instant reaction physiologically that our body goes into.
Now this I recognise.
Yes.
Hi, my name's Tom.
I came here about three years ago, having struggled with my mental health for the best part of my adult life.
It wasn't until I came here that it all started to click and I started to realise there was a reason why I would have that day where I'd spontaneously go to Bushy Park and just spend hours.
It was there subconsciously, but now it's conscious.
Yeah.
What difference does that make?
It's huge.
I now feel like I have some sovereignty over my own mental health.
There's a lot of brilliant emerging science about when we feel that sense of awe and wonder in nature.
One of the theories is a kind of construct of small self.
So when we are under a huge starry sky or on top of a mountain...
We can feel quite small.
Now, I love this construct as a psychologist because we spend all of our time bigging people up.
You are important.
You do matter.
And actually, in the natural world, quite often, we feel quite small and tiny and insignificant.
And rather than making us feel bad, it actually is quite reassuring.
We're just this tiny little part of this natural world, and it's OK.
Dr Alison Greenwood speaking to James Kumarasamy.
To a tale of friendship that has spanned more decades than most.
Two military veterans in the United States have been reunited by chance, 82 years after they fought alongside each other.
The Happy Pod's Holly Gibbs has more.
You were in the Tank Corps, right?
Yes, yes.
Robert Miller and Willard Smith both live in a care home in Naperville in Illinois.
That's me in the service.
It's from basic training at Camp Roberts, California.
I was probably about 18, 19 years old.
But while looking through old photos as they share their war stories, Willard noticed they had worn the same uniform.
Notice our hats are very similar.
And of course you wanted to wear it jauntily and also you're looking sharp.
Robert and Willard had both served in the Pacific during World War II when they were teenagers, including fighting in the Battle of Luzon in the Philippines in 1945.
They said, you look too young to fight this war.
And it probably was true.
18 years old.
Willard recently turned 100 and Robert will do the same next month.
Oh man, didn't think I'd make it that far.
I'm looking forward to it to a certain degree.
After leaving the military, both men got married, had children and became teachers.
Reconnecting after more than eight decades means the pair can now enjoy reminiscing about all their shared history.
And it brings back a lot of good memories.
We had a good run, I think, for a couple of soldiers.
Willard and Robert ending that report by Holly Gibbs.
And finally, to a simple donation of a used bicycle that's making a big difference thousands of kilometres away, opening up a new chapter for Kenyan para-cycling.
Carrie Ruxton, a gym owner in Scotland, offered her daughter's old tandem bike online, an offer seen by Alice Maringu, who'd been struggling to find a tandem to race with visually impaired cyclists.
Five months later, with some help from the Scottish Kenyan community, the bike finally arrived in Nairobi on Valentine's Day and is now being prepared for international competition.
My colleague James Copnell has been speaking to Carrie and Alice.
I put it onto this tandem Facebook page and I had quite a few inquiries.
But when I read Alice's story and she told me that she sometimes had three people trying to use one bike, I really wanted to give the bike to Alice.
And we really just had to work out how to get it across to Kenya.
But luckily, Alice had a contact in Glasgow, a Kenyan, and he came to pick up the bike.
And then it started its journey.
In fact, last September, I almost lost hope a couple of times.
And then suddenly, she contacted me on the 15th of February and said it arrived yesterday, which is Valentine's Day, the day of love.
And so I thought, that's amazing.
It's been sent from Scotland with love to Alice.
In fact, the bike even had a little tartan ribbon tied to it for good luck.
And so Alice told me she decided to call the bike Valentine's.
And Alice, tell us about why you got in touch in the first place.
Is it pretty difficult to get a good tandem bike in Kenya?
Actually, no tandem bikes in Kenya.
So when we started this cycling for people with disabilities and people with eye problems, we didn't have enough bikes.
Only one gentleman who had the bike.
I was at the Ebo cycling so I decided to quit to join the para cycling because there was no ladies for tandem cycling.
There were no bikes at that moment, so I started searching where I can get bikes.
As Carrie said, it took quite a long time, several months for the bike to arrive in Kenya.
That must have been quite a nervous wait, I guess.
We were waiting for it, for sure.
This year we have a paratrack race in Nigeria and we are hoping to use it, because now we have the bike, we won't share it.
And Carrie, you mentioned sending it off with love and that little tartan ribbon around it.
What will it be to see it in international competition?
Will you be proud?
Will you be emotional?
How will you feel, do you think?
Yeah, I'll definitely feel proud.
I'm going to keep in touch with Alice and I want to follow everything that she's doing.
I'm absolutely passionate about getting women involved in sport.
And so Alice is going to send me pictures and I'm going to keep in touch with her team.
And Alice is one of the big goals to qualify for the Commonwealth Games which are going to be in Scotland this time.
Yeah, we are hoping that Nigeria will bring good results.
Unfortunately, in Africa, we are only having two teams for tandem bikes.
That is Nigeria and Kenya.
So we are hoping as well here in Kenya to bring up more ladies so that we can have more teams there.
And a question for both of you, really.
This story has captured quite a lot of attention around the world.
And I guess there's something quite powerful about that sort of sporting solidarity across borders, across different cultures, Carrie.
Yes, absolutely.
And this story through the BBC has already done a lot of good, because I was contacted by another person in Edinburgh offering a tandem bike to Alice.
So she's going to get two bikes.
Oh, wow.
Alice, that's great.
Yeah, I felt so nice.
I have already contacted him and we are organising how it will reach in Kenya.
If you do qualify for those Commonwealth Games in Scotland.
If Valentine the Bike makes it, the two of you might be able to meet in Glasgow.
Yeah, I'll be proud.
I'll be very much proud to meet her.
Alice Muringu and Carrie Ruxton.
And that's all from the Happy Pod for now.
If you have a story you think we should cover, we'd love to hear from you.
Just send us an email or a voice note to globalpodcast at bbc.co.uk.
This edition was mixed by Philip Bull and the producers were Holly Gibbs and Rachel Bulkeley.
The editor is Karen Martin.
I'm Alex Ritson.
Until next time, goodbye.
