Do you know how to use the word whom?
And do native speakers even use this word nowadays?
Let me answer these questions and help you understand the word whom.
By the way, if you want the transcript to help you understand this episode, it's in the description below this episode.
Okay, what does the word mean? whom mean?
Well, basically it means who, but it's an object, not a subject.
You see, who is a subject, which means that it does the action.
For example, in the question, who cooked this food?
Who is the subject who did the action, the cooking?
On the other hand, Whom is an object, it receives the action.
For example in the question whom did he hit?
Whom is the object?
Who receives the action?
The person who was hit?
So who is a subject and whom is an object.
That makes sense, right?
So technically, the word who is not supposed to be an object.
So instead of saying, who did they give it to?
It would be more proper to say, to whom did they give it?
Because they is the subject and whom didn't. is the object.
However, nowadays almost nobody talks like this.
Native speakers just say, who did they give it to?
A long time ago, that would have been wrong to say, but now it's accepted as being correct.
Language changes over time.
Interesting, huh?
So when we're talking, we don't really say this word anymore.
However, in formal writing, some people might still use the word whom.
So it might still be useful to learn how to use it, in case you ever want to write something very formal.
So, let's talk about how to use it.
First, it's important to know that whom can be the object of a verb, like when we say whom did you see, or a preposition, like when we say to whom Are they speaking?
The word to is a preposition, to whom.
Now, here's an easy way to figure out whether to use who or whom when writing a sentence.
Just replace the word with the word him or her and see if it makes sense with the, the verb or the preposition.
For example, if you don't know whether to write the phrase the man who came or the man whom came, just replace the word with him or her.
So, that would be the man him came.
Obviously, we don't say him came, we say he came.
So because it doesn't make sense to say him in this phrase, it doesn't make sense to say whom.
However, now let's imagine that you don't know whether to write the man who I saw or the man whom I saw.
Let's replace the word with him.
So the man him I saw.
It sounds funny to say him I saw, but let's turn that around.
I saw him.
That makes sense, right?
We don't say I saw he, we say I saw him.
So, because him makes sense with the verb, we know that we can use whom here.
In summary, who is a subject, like he or she, and whom is is an object like him or her.
Hopefully this makes sense to you, but just know that native speakers rarely use the word whom nowadays, even in writing, so don't worry too much about it.