Have you ever heard or read a sentence in English such as, I had had a bad day?
You might think that this is a mistake, but it's not.
Once in a while, there's a double had in English sentences.
I had had a bad day.
In this episode, I'm going to explain why this sentence is correct and I'll show you how to use the past perfect verb tense in English.
And, as always, remember that the transcript for this episode is in the description below the episode, and you can also find the link to my listening and pronunciation training in the description as well.
So, why is the word had used twice in a row in the sentence, I had had a bad day?
Well, that's because the first had is the auxiliary verb or helping verb.
And the second had is the main verb.
The first had is used because the speaker is talking in the past perfect tense.
To form the past perfect, we use had plus a past participle like had. done, taken, eaten, etc.
So in the sentence I had had a bad day, we have the auxiliary verb had, because it's the past perfect.
And then we have another had, which is the past participle of the verb to have.
It might seem weird to have the word had twice like this, but native speakers don't even notice this.
It's just like saying I had taken or I had done, except with had as the main verb.
The other reason why it doesn't sound too weird when native speakers say sentences with two hads is because we reduce the first had.
Listen to this example.
His friends had had many pets.
Notice that I don't say his friends had had.
I say his friends had had.
Listen again.
His friends had had many pets.
So, you'll notice that native speakers usually reduce auxiliary verbs, such as had.
We usually reduce the auxiliary verb and stress the main verb.
I don't say, I had seen it before.
I say, I had seen it before.
So it doesn't sound too strange when we say I had had a bad day because the first had is reduced and sounds different.
So now that you understand why some sentences have a double had because of the past perfect tense, now let me show you how to use this verb tense.
If you're already talking about something in the past and then you want to refer to something that happened even earlier in the past and how it affects what you're talking about, then you can use the past perfect.
For example, if I'm talking about a trip to Paris that I took earlier this year, I could say something like I knew how to navigate around Paris this time because I had traveled to Paris twice the year before.
So in this case I'm already talking about something in the past my trip to Paris earlier this year.
And then I refer to the trips I took to Paris before this trip.
So I can use the past perfect.
I say because I had traveled to Paris twice the year before.
Native speakers won't always use the past perfect in cases like this, because we sometimes just use the simple past instead.
But this is actually a great situation in which we can use the past perfect.
Here's one more example.
I could say, when I got to the store, I realized that I had left my wallet at home.
In this case, I use the past perfect tense I had left, because I'm already talking about a past event, and then I use the past perfect to refer to something that happened even earlier in the past and its relation to what I'm talking about.
So that's the past perfect, and that's why you might hear sentences like I had had a bad day.