Discussion keeps the world turning.
This is Round Table.
Hey guys, it's me Hayoung.
I am going on a one week trip.
More like an expedition in search of Asian wild elephants and their wild habitat.
These majestic creatures are such a vital part of our ecosystem.
I invite you all to join me on this unexpected journey into nature and rain forests.
There are so many unknowns.
The only known thing is it's going to be an unforgettable experience and I will share
every bit of juicy detail with you.
Off we go, nature lovers.
It's the International Day for Biological Diversity and there is a decent chance that
you've been cooped up inside all day.
So, it's time to breathe in some fresh air and get some time in the great outdoors.
Let me your ears and let's take a walk on the wild side into the lush tropical heart of
Sishong Banan, die autonomous prefecture.
This corner of southern Yunnan Province in the southwest part of China is an absolute
jungle jewel, boasting some of the most mind blowing biodiversity in all of China.
With lush mountain slopes, trickling rivers and 80% forest cover, Sishong Banan is a true
feast for the senses.
We're tacking over 5,000 plant species, 800 vertebrates and countless invertebrates.
Up to 300 wild Asian elephants roaming free here, ripping up trees and having a blast
with dust and mud.
On this expedition, the wild elephants aren't the star attraction, no doubt.
But I'm just as jazzed to showcase the full, wildly diverse cast of Sishong Banan's
flora and fauna and you are coming with me.
You know what they say, no risk, no reward, and that's exactly what we're chasing as
I hop on this bumper tricycle and we're bouncing off into the remote mountains near Manian
village in Mengla County.
The search of wild elephants is on.
Hey guys, now I am on the search for wild Asian elephants and guess where I am at?
Well this little narrow road is really bumpy and there's only this little tricycle that
can carry us all the way to the mountains.
Whoa.
I mean, all the bumpy rides just add to the sense of reward I suppose once we get to see
the elephants and we stop yikes.
Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa.
These guys on motorbike have nicely filled the way for us.
Okay, gosh, okay, now I'm just firmly on the floor.
I mean, of this tricycle because there's just no way otherwise.
Can't I?
This is dangerous.
Okay, just got great news that what we get out from the mountain will be on this bumpy
ride again.
So this tricycle is actually pretty handy, one of our co travelers just says that this
is much more fun than Disneyland.
Whoa.
What do you know what that's all good about?
Well, I try to get myself firmly hooked onto the side of the vehicle so I can stay on
the vehicle and gosh, I can feel my bulging bicep and I'm already exhausted.
The buildup for this search is immense.
Before we venture further, Xi Zhuangba Na is a sensory feast of sights, smells and sounds
that refresh the soul.
There's no better place to kick off our rainforest adventure than the lush living exhibition
the Xi Zhuangba Na botanical garden.
I'm surrounded by lush greenery and exotic blooms of every shaped size and color.
The air is thick with the intoxicating fragrances of this living, breathing outdoor museum.
It's also derived at the Xi Zhuangba Na tropical botanical garden, while this is the weather
which is analogous to the mood of a capricious person.
One minute it is drizzling and the next minute it's all clear, sunny again.
Well, it's located in Mengla Town, Mengla County, Xi Zhuangba Na diatomus prefecture in Yunnan
Province, China.
The Xi Zhuangba Na tropical botanical garden is a comprehensive research institute and
scenic area directly under the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.
It integrates scientific research, species conservation and science popularization founded in 1959
under the guidance of the reputable Chinese botanist, Mr. Cao Shi Tao.
The garden covers an area of approximately 1125 hectares and houses over 13,000 species
of living plants.
It features 38 specialized plant zones and preserves approximately 250 square kilometers
of pristine tropical rainforest.
This is an important treasure trove of specimens when it comes to the biodiversity preservation
efforts in this country.
And it is the largest botanical garden in China in terms of area, the richest in species.
It is also the botanical garden in the world with the largest number of plant species preserved
outdoors and displayed to the public.
There's nothing quite like learning from a truly passionate expert.
My name is Kyle Tomlinson and I'm a plant ecologist.
And that's the vibe I got at dinner when I found myself eavesdropping on one of the plant
experts from the next table.
Needless to say, I pulled him aside for an impromptu interview.
I guess my perspective is more a kind of ethical position as a biologist.
I believe that not all species are necessary to maintain ecosystem functions, but I believe
that we have a responsibility as stewards of the earth to maintain all species.
How many years and what kind of work have you devoted to this cause?
And working here for quite some time, I overheard over dinner and that's how we met today.
I've been here for just over 10 years now and I think in terms of biodiversity, maybe the
most important work I do is about the distribution of grasslands and savannas and the reason for
this is they house a lot of species.
Both plants and animals and they very misunderstood in Asia.
Like there's a large scale perception in Asia that this area, this landscape was dominated
by forests.
And that's certainly true there are areas that were historically forest and that includes
Sichuan bina.
But there are also other parts of Yunnan and Southeast Asia that appear to be some kind
of grassy vegetation.
And that means that they are open landscapes, they need a lot of light and the species that
live there will not survive if there's not sufficient light reaching the ground.
And that is a completely different perspective because that means that it is not forest.
Forest is an ecosystem with a closed canopy.
There's very little light in the understory and that's selects for different species.
Why is that important for biodiversity because here are a bunch of species.
If we want to preserve them we need to get the management right and we only get the management
right if we understand what the ecosystem of the landscape really is.
And what's kept you here in Sichuan bina is it for like 10 years or so and what do you
have to say to the listeners and audiences who are going to see that in this country?
Okay well I think that Sichuan bina is a particularly nice place to live and have you visited
the Botanical Garden yet or not?
I will hopefully for a couple of hours maybe tomorrow.
Okay well I hope you get a whole day because it's very big and when you go you will see
that it is a fantastic place to live.
And it's a very easy environment to do research and we have a very good research center in
eastern part of the garden with maybe 2 to 300 scientists and it's a very competitive
environment and a very stimulating place to live but also just a very pleasant place to
be.
And I'm not a big city person.
I like small places.
I like to be able to ride quickly to my work and I get stressed out by traffic.
This is a perfect environment for me.
In addition it's very well located because my work is about Yunnan but also about Southeast
Asia and Sichuan bina is the gateway of China to Southeast Asia.
Then you are at exactly at the right place to be at the zone.
Happy for you and thank you so much for agreeing to talk to me and I'll let you get back
to partying with friends and some very delicious foods as well.
Are you enjoying the day, Krizine?
Yes, it's fantastic.
Thank you so much.
Enjoy your business.
But of course, the plants are just one piece of this intricate biodiversity puzzle.
Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, refers to the variety and variability of life
on Earth.
It encompasses the diversity within species called genetic diversity between species.
Also known as species diversity and within ecosystems.
Also known as ecosystem diversity.
Biodiversity includes all living organisms.
Their relationships to each other and their environments contributing to the complexity
and resilience of ecological systems.
It's absolutely crucial to protect ecosystem diversity in which growing populations of
animals, plants and everything within get to thrive.
More population means more genetic resources and that generates more genetic diversity.
To understand the full challenge of conservation, let's bring in the director general of the
Sichuan Banan Tropical Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
There's professor of botany, Yang Yongping.
What about on a scale of let's say one to a hundred and a hundred being the best?
How would you grade it?
I will give it the 90.
Oh, that's an A.
Yeah, but on the other side, we can do is more to improve our management of the natural
reserves.
On that note, what do you think we can do?
All of the three fields we have to improve.
The first is we have to get more understanding about the climate change to the natural reserves.
Now, we use the, it's a perfect approach system.
It's a release that some humans disturb.
But the climate change is there.
It's especially for the extremely climate change.
It's a very negative impact to the forest.
The second is how to prevent invasions of the alien species, including the insects and plants.
Give you an example.
There is one that plants native to Mexico.
The English name, where you should call it, is Butterfly Weed.
This is a very common in Sichuan Banan.
Now the plants is dominated in the second forest, but also in the natural reserves.
So in the coming years, our management have to spend how to protect our natural reserves
from the invasions of those kinds of the alien species.
The third one is that we have to get a solution to deal with the conflict between the wildlife
and the peoples.
In Sichuan Banan, you may already heard about the ancient elephant.
The elephant is frequently lived in natural reserves.
To the village, this has become a big issue.
We first have to understand the animal wildlife of behaviour, but on the other side, we have
to protect our peoples from the enjoy and also distractions from the elephant.
Yes indeed.
It's the search for Asian wild elephants that brought me here in the first place.
I would also like to pick your brain on how to find solutions.
Before we turn to the mic, you mentioned something along the lines of nature-based solution
for environmental restoration.
How do you apply this field of work?
Yes, this is a great solution.
I mean, especially when we're talking about the rehabilitation and the restoration, the
natural-based solution is trying to keep away from the humans' disturbance, including
like the plant trees and the human disturbance, given it nature at times, nature that will
use their own rules.
The nature-based solutions usually will keep the more diversity, including biodiversity.
Diversity is extremely important for the ecosystem stability.
This environmental solution is a time consuming, but on the other side, the public is the cost
effective.
So is it like basically you're telling all people, economic activity, human activity,
all to just back off, close up an area, and just let nature run its own course?
Well, you mentioned this is time consuming.
I guess maybe in a way we're just so used to trying to do something, backing off and doing
nothing just sounds a little bit nerve-wracking too.
Yes, sometimes when we say the given nature is the time, it's how long, public is very
difficult, like the heavily degraded ecosystem, this is probably the very difficult only
use in natural-based solution.
But how to do that?
This is a very scientific question.
For instance, in Shixianbana, one way to restore the rubber plantation to be a natural
forest, because it's a lower productivity rubber plantation than the government will
encourage it, it's a natural forest.
We cannot say we do nothing, we are waiting for the nature, we will plant some trees.
How to do that?
It's a first, it's a plant native tree species, rather than it's from the other place.
The second is that we use like the framework tree.
The framework tree is a very scientific question, it will become big trees in such kind of
forest.
So the natural-based solution, much depend on its water kind of ecosystem, how much is
a degraded, that's what I would like to highlight.
So it's a very scientific decision as well, it's not like washing your hands off this area
and just let it be, it's not like that.
Yeah, no, no, we try to get integrated, so we should...
Now let's take a fun detour, who here is the fan of bugs.
Not me, that's for sure.
But when I got the opportunity to explore the botanical garden at night, I jumped at it.
I'm not sure, not a model, I'm not sure if I want to touch it.
There's nothing quite like seeing biodiversity in action after dark.
Wow, don't make it nervous.
It's resting nicely in the palm of this insect expert.
It's translucent, almost like a glowing green amber.
Wow, that is just beautiful.
Wow, there's a Shemushanian.
And what you just heard now, that is the male peacocks.
I suppose they're sending out the love messages.
I never knew that peacocks sound like that.
Oh, my.
Oh, okay.
Okay, they sound a little bit desperate for mating.
Okay, male peacocks.
I guess they're all peacocking.
Did you get that?
Sorry, that's a poor joke.
Okay, so what else are we looking at?
Actually, I'm on this expedition with a whole bunch of insect lovers.
So it's crazy, the kind of equipment that everybody's got.
One person has got like three five vault spotlights on his mega camera with like octopus hands.
I don't know what that's called, but yeah, people are really devoted into, is this called
insect watching or some kind of in-depth study?
And also I think there is maybe some kind of prestige that is very palpable among those
in this circle.
People have really rich knowledge.
Oh, oh.
What is that?
Oh, oh.
Oh.
And right now I see this spider probably bigger than my thumbnail and it is weaving a web
in a tritangular shape and it is even really fast.
Wow, so the spider can actually re-eat the web that it's woven.
So that is true self recycling.
Saving resources.
Truly a very thrifty lifestyle that spider has.
Okay, moving on.
Wow, this place is completely different at night in the dark.
But, apparently, because we had rain last night and that usually means lighting bugs are
ready to surface.
This whole swarm of night explorers are taking a turn into the unknown darkness.
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