Welcome to Squiz Kids Science Shorts, the show where we take your big, curly questions and unpack the science stories everyone's talking about.
Break them down into snack-sized science-powered answers.
We sort the fact from the fluff.
Keep it fun, keep it fast and, whether it's happening in your body, your backyard or the big wide universe, we're here to explain the science behind the Headlines.
Have you ever seen a lizard drop its tail when you tried to grab it?
The tail keeps wriggling around on the ground while the lizard escapes.
And then over time, it grows a brand new one.
Which leads us to today's question, how do some animals regrow lost limbs?
And why can't we?
In the animal kingdom.
Some creatures have regeneration powers that sound straight out of a superhero movie.
Axolotls can regrow legs, tails, spinal cords.
Starfish can regrow arms.
Octopuses can regrow arms, complete with nerves and suckers.
And zebrafish can repair damaged hearts and regrow fins again and again.
Humans, not so much.
Although we're not completely hopeless, your skin repairs itself all the time.
Bones can heal after breaking, and sometimes young children can even regrow lost fingertips.
But if humans lose a whole arm or leg through accidents disease, infections or cancer and more than a million people around the world do every year our bodies usually form scar tissue instead.
Scar tissue is kind of the body's emergency patch job.
Fast, tough, effective, but a bit blah.
And axolotl rebuilds human patches.
So what's the difference?
This week, scientists in the United States announced a fascinating discovery involving animals famous for regeneration axolotls and zebrafish.
A bit of background, inside all living things is DNA.
The body's giant instruction manual, and inside DNA are genes, individual instructions telling cells what job to do.
Scientists think that they may have discovered special master genes linked to regeneration called SP6 and SP8.
When animals like axolotls lose a limb, cells near the injury gather together into a blob.
Inside that blob are stem cells.
Now, they're special cells that haven't picked a permanent job yet.
They can still become bones, skin, muscle or nerve cells, basically whatever is needed for the job.
The SP genes seemed to help to tell those cells, righto everyone, time to rebuild an arm.
Scientists were able to switch off one of those genes in axolotls, and suddenly the animals struggled to regrow their limb bones properly.
Then came the exciting part.
Using ideas inspired by zebrafish, researchers tested a kind of gene therapy in mice, delivering healing instructions directly into injured tissue.
And it helped trigger some bone regrowth.
Not all full wolverine-level limb regrowth just yet, but it's a start.
Scientists say we're probably still decades away from humans regrowing arms or legs, if it's even possible at all.
But this study matters because it suggests very different animals may all use the same biological instructions for regeneration.
And if nature's already figured out how to regrow limbs once before, scientists are now trying to learn how to read the instruction manual for humans.
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