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Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production of I Heart Radio.
Hey and welcome to the podcast.
I'm Josh and there's Chuck and Ben's here sitting in for Jerry.
And this is Stuff You Should Know.
What? You're not going to pick up the ball?
The baton. Yeah. We are doing an episode today on Rudolph Diesel, invention of the diesel engine.
And this was prepared for us by Anna Green, one of our writers and Anna did a great job, very exhaustive look.
But this was a listener suggestion and I went back to look at who it was and it turns out there were three emails.
Over the past like a couple of years to investigate Rudolph Diesel, Scott Simpson.
I don't think my friend Scott Simpson who's also a comedian, but who knows?
Okay. Christian Coiner and then very mysteriously Leo and Jenny.
Oh, no last name. Yeah, Leo and Jenny.
The last name isn't in Jenny.
Right. No, the middle initial is in the last name is Jenny.
Yeah, so thanks for these suggestions because this was I didn't know anything about the guy, didn't know anything about the diesel engine.
And now I feel good enough to get a jeopardy answer or two correct for sure.
Yeah, call us Ken. I had no idea about this either.
I didn't realize that diesel is technically a proprietary eponym or at least a proper noun.
If you see like that diesel engine, the D should be capitalized because it was invented.
It's named after its inventor Rudolph Diesel, who was working around the turn of the last century and a little bit before and a little bit after.
And he was a German kid born in Paris to a father who, well, his father is a bit of a character as we'll see in some of the worst ways.
But who was just a, he was an interesting person who made his own way in the world and changed it radically.
The irony is he changed it in ways they were the opposite of what he wanted to or how he wanted to change the world.
Yeah, for sure. And like many inventors, his story starts out as a child who was sort of obsessed with figuring out how things worked.
A tinkerer who would take apart things.
We've heard this story kind of time and time again.
Someone who would like disassemble things in their house, put them back together.
As a kid in Paris, he was working for his dad a lot of the time or in school.
And in 1867, came across his first internal combustion engine at the Paris World's Fair when he saw the auto engine, Nicholas Autos, the old gas engine, like I said, at the World's Fair.
Yeah, and this was a big deal.
Other people had invented internal combustion engines before.
But Nicholas Autos was like the culmination of it.
It was like the real deal.
So the fact that it really struck young Rudolph Diesel, this would have been, he would have been 15, 19.
No, he would have been nine.
Imagine being a nine-year-old kid and seeing an internal combustion engine and saying to yourself, this is what I want to dedicate my life to.
That was the kind of kid theodore Diesel was, right?
And again, it was a big deal that he saw this engine, or I should say the engine itself was a big deal.
But they didn't stick around Paris for much longer.
That was 1867. Within three years, the Franco-Pression War broke out and the Diesel family said, we need to get out of France.
Let's move to London. And they did.
And the whole family took a downward turn from there.
Yeah, I mean, I get the idea that it was just sort of uprooted and moved to a new country and had a lot of time getting good work.
Because their family did not live well there.
Thankfully, at least for Rudolph, a few months after getting there, he was 12 at the time.
His aunt and uncle said, come back to Germany, come back to Osberg, live with us.
Your uncle here, Christoph Barnacle, will help pay for your schooling.
He enrolled at the Royal County Trade School for three years while his family stayed in London.
So when he graduated in 1865, his dad said, hey, need you to come back to London and get a job and help us out.
Like your schooling is over.
Rudolph said, nine, I'm going to stay here.
I want to be an engineer, which means I need to keep going to school.
So he denied his father and enrolled at the Technischer Hochschule Mjunchen there in what we call Munich, Germany.
He got a scholarship to go there and very...
What's the word I'm looking for when something happens?
It's very important. Off-species?
No. Resolute? No. Sort of the opposite of coincidence.
Purposefully? Purposefully?
Yeah, perpendicularly.
Very importantly there, I will say, met one Carl von Linda, who would be his...
A big person in his life, his employer at one point, and a mentor and friend.
I give her your try and say, I can't think of the word either.
Kind of like it was... auspiciously?
Like a... I said auspicious.
As fate would have it, no.
This auspicious right?
Predetermination? Predestination?
Someone... I know this is the kind of stuff people like.
I like stuff we should know, but there's a lot I don't like about it too, you know?
Where I was leading with that was from that point where he met von Linda and was in school.
He became fascinated by another proprietary eponym engine, the steam engine, invented by Danny Steen.
Right. No, he came across the Carnot cycle, right?
Wasn't that another thing that really kind of struck him?
Floated as boat? Yeah, besides Danny Steen's invention?
Yeah. Well, the Carnot cycle is this.
It is a theoretical engine, external combustion engine, that where every bit of energy put into it produces work.
It's 100% efficient. It's essentially impossible, but it's theoretically possible.
And that combined with auto's internal combustion engine really kind of came together to give Rudolf Diesel like his purpose in life, his mission in life.
And then like you said, when he fortuitously met Carl von Linz...
The word. Yeah. Everything came together because now he had a mentor, a patron, a guy who gave him a job right out of school.
And when you take like the fact that his family was using their luggage in London as the furniture in their house, and his uncle came a call and said, let's just pluck you out of this situation and put you on the road to your destiny.
And then you're going to go forth and change the world.
Literally your invention is going to fuel the second industrial revolution and put us where humans are today.
You can largely think Rudolf Diesel and his invention for that.
It's just mind-boggling the series of events that happen to do that.
And the effect that it had on the world.
No, absolutely. He moved back to Paris eventually in 1880.
And like you said, he went to work for Carl von Linz.
I think it said Linda. I know I've heard different ounce of it.
I just imagined him being like a 70s mom.
I think in German it wouldn't be Linda.
I think it would be Linda, like with the eh at the end.
Sure. But I don't know about Linda.
You know, like Linda's bagels.
Right. He worked for Linda as an ice guy.
He had a ice machine company.
And he was all kinds of things.
He was an apprentice for a little while.
He eventually became a salesperson over this decade that he worked for him.
But one of the other cool facts, and this is the Jeopardy question, maybe one of them.
It's like what other famous thing did Rudolf Diesel invent?
He invented and got a patent for the ice cube.
Yeah. When I saw that, I was like, well wait, does that mean he invented the ice cube?
Yes indeed. Rudolf Diesel.
The inventor of the diesel engine also invented the ice cube.
Yeah, which I guess is the means of, I mean maybe they just never thought of freezing ice in cubes before.
I guess. But think about it Chuck, we would be lacking one quarter of NWA had theodore Diesel not come along.
Or Rudolf Diesel not come along.
That's a good point. So he graduated, like we kind of put the cart in front of the horse.
But he graduated and went on to get that job with Linda, Carl von Linda.
But when he did graduate from school, he had the highest grades in the history of the entire school.
One of the reasons why he was a very serious student.
He was not some, even though he was well taken care of and funded, he was, you know, an Aida scholarship.
He worked his tail off and took his studies very seriously.
So this kid was like, he was pretty put together for, you know, his age for sure.
Yeah, absolutely. So, you know, I said he worked there for a decade within that decade for about six or seven years of it.
He, after inventing the ice cube, which would help found NWA.
And I guess prevent iced tea from just being tea.
Right? Or hot tea. Sure.
Or even tepid tea. Right.
Tepid tea. That's your reference name.
You're really it. Tepid tea.
Yeah. Me the hot nor cold.
You have to say it like you're slightly annoying.
I'm tepid tea. Yeah, exactly.
He started working on engines again.
This idea popped back into his head.
This memory of the Carnot cycle of like, there's got to be a way to make Danny Steams engine.
More efficient. And for about six or seven years, he worked on and trying to develop an ammonia powered heat engine.
Um-hmm. Ammonia was too volatile.
So, he eventually ends up back in Berlin with his, by this time he had a wife, Martha, and three children.
And started working like an earnest on the internal combustion engine.
And I believe filed a patent in 1892.
Uh, yeah, I feel like, um, we should take a break and then come back and talk about like, you know, how, what, what, like this guy wasn't working in a vacuum.
So, what environment, what world he was working in when he was trying to come up with this diesel engine.
All right. So, let's start with the engine.
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So Chuck, I found a BBC article that kind of put the stakes out there pretty well about what was driving in part, Rudolph Diesel's obsession with creating a super efficient engine.
One of the things they said was that there was a ton of horses.
I think they said in a city of 500,000 people, there were probably about 100,000 horses.
And all of them were walking around pooping and peeing everywhere all over the place.
So an alternative to horse power was very desirable.
And we already had steam power, but steam power had its own thing going on.
And in one way, one of the big weaknesses of steam power is that it required tons and tons and tons of coal.
Because you use coal to heat a boiler to boil water, create steam to run a piston.
And then the piston turns the chemical energy of the coal into the mechanical work that turns something or makes something go up and down or does whatever.
Probably has something to do with gears.
I don't get it. But there was already back in the 1860s, a book by a guy named Stanley Jevin or Jivan called the coal question.
And this guy was already warning about peak coal, essentially pointing out like coal is a non-renewable resource everybody.
And we are using it really, really fast.
This guy was already ringing the alarm about it.
And a route off diesel was exactly the kind of person whose ear was out for this kind of thing.
So in addition to replacing the really inefficient steam engine, in addition to replacing, like letting the horses go retire and be put out to pasture.
And then also about coming up with something that doesn't use coal.
All of these things came together to kind of give him this mission and this drive.
Yeah, absolutely. He went back idea wise, at least, to the auto engine, again, an internal combustion engine.
But auto's engine used a spark, like a spark plug, to ignite the fuel.
And diesel still thought there's got to be a better way.
I don't think we need that spark.
I think we can use highly compressed air that gets so compressed and so hot it will ignite.
And ended up sort of using this idea from a tender box that he saw that was basically a sparkless way to ignite tender.
And it was like a sort of like a syringe.
It was larger. It was about the size of a like a bicycle pump, but like a glass syringe that compressed air such that it would eventually provide that ignition.
And he was like, hey, if it works there, it could work in an engine.
Yeah, and the genius of all this is, so again, steam engines are powering the industrial revolution.
They've done their thing.
They've completely changed the world.
But again, they're really inefficient.
I think they're about 10% efficient.
So 90% of the energy and the coal is lost to heat to the environment.
Only 10% terrible. Actually, yeah, it's really, really inefficient.
And so one of the geniuses of an internal combustion engine in the first place, but also specifically diesel engine, is it says, what if we just got rid of all of the stuff that led up to that piston moving and just like make the engine that piston.
And if you compress air enough, you're compressing the molecules really tightly, really quickly.
It causes them to become excited, which causes them to put off heat.
And if you compress it enough, it produces enough heat that it can ignite fuel in that piston, causing the piston to move up and down.
And that's ultimately what you're after is making that piston move up and down.
So he got rid of all that stuff.
The piles of coal, the big boiler full of steam, the steam itself, and took the whole process right to the piston itself.
And it worked really, really well.
It turned out. Yeah, eventually.
And we should probably talk a little about his big idea with this.
It wasn't just he had other drives besides making an engine that worked more efficiently.
He was, he had this idea of helping the common person.
And, you know, while Danny Steams invention may have powered the industrial revolution, what did it do for the the artist in the countryside or the craftsman or the small business person.
And I think I can build an engine that's small enough that runs on cheap fuel that doesn't require much.
If any maintenance, if you're kind of keeping up with it, or repair as long as you're maintaining it rather, that it can revitalize the countryside and make people, people in rural areas give them the same sort of chance to succeed by having the power of an engine at their disposal.
Right. Yeah. Because those steam engines were so big and required so much labor, they just stuck people from the countryside and consolidated them in the cities.
And he wanted to do the opposite.
And so if you have a light portable efficient engine that people in the in the rural areas can use.
Yeah. Like you said, it give them put them on equal footing with the industrialists of the city.
But also you mentioned cheap fuel too.
One of his dreams was to make his diesel engine run on vegetable oil essentially bio diesel is essentially what he was trying to do.
And it was a viable idea for a really long time, basically the entire time he was alive.
And that would have really given people in rural areas a leg up because they could have grown their own fuel to power the engines that they had at their disposal to run their arts and crafts fairs.
Yeah. So he had big ideas.
He filed his patent. He went to try and get funding a lot of skepticism obviously in that in the financial marketplace at the time.
And he got a couple of guys, I'm Rick von Boots and Friedrich Krupp to give him some money von Boots for his part was a managing director at machine fabric alzberg.
And also said, Hey, you can take some of my factory space to work on this stuff.
So Rudolph moved to Alsberg in 1893 started working on this engine with that sort of tender box idea in mind.
And the one thing he couldn't figure out he was like a no compressing air can ignite this thing.
But I just don't know how much pressure I'm going to need.
And for a little while, I got a little dangerous in that machine shop.
Yeah, there, I guess there was no way to to work it out on paper first.
He had to figure it out like in real life by compressing air.
Yeah, he's essentially adding some combustible fluid to or fuel to so he did that his first working prototype.
He demonstrated in the lab.
I don't even know if his demonstration.
I think they just tried it the first time and the it compressed air so much, I guess, and produce so much heat that the engine blew up and like you said, blew throughout the lab like pieces of the engine went flying.
But when like you can just imagine in the movie like they rise up from behind like some big crate and their hair standing on in their smoke coming off over there.
He's like it worked in that he proved that if you compress air, you could create enough heat to ignite something you didn't need a spark, you didn't need coal or a boiler.
You like his engine could work and it just been proven.
Yeah, for sure. The second one went much better.
It did not explode. The third one was the big sort of moment when the bell rang it ran on kerosene.
He was 39 years old, which is pretty incredible to think about.
And felt comfortable enough to do a public test on February 17th 1897 in front of an audience there at the machine fabric factory for the employees and engineers.
A few other firms were there and it was a really big big success in that he achieved not only a working engine, but it was.
I had a basically invisible and almost odorless exhaust and reach an efficiency of 26.2% compared with Danny steams measly 10%.
Yeah, and you're like, well, it's not that much better.
That is a mind boggling improvement in efficiency over the existing technology that was just out of the gate.
It was revolutionary. And like you said, I think Friedrich Krupp, is that how you pronounce his last name?
Yeah, he was an early investor and I was like, that name sounds very familiar.
And I went and looked him up on Wikipedia in honor of my reformed view of Wikipedia.
And I found out that it was in fact who I've been calling crop the same crop or crew family that it gave rise to the Tyson group international mega conglomerate.
From Europe. You might be crop actually.
Okay, so Tyson crop, you're familiar with that company, right?
They're just enormous.
Sure. Two piece. Yeah, that's right.
And so I was reading a little bit about Friedrich Krupp on Wikipedia and little known fact he used to ride a giraffe everywhere he went.
Oh, as you do. I have a few quotes, if I may, because it's really hard to overstate, like you were saying, what a leap forward this was in technology.
One of his biographers, a man named, so I say, was a brunt said it was the most disruptive technology in history.
Winston Churchill called it the most perfect maritime masterpiece of the century.
And if you're wondering what maritime has to do with it, we'll get to that.
And then no less than Edison said it was one of the greatest achievements of mankind.
So that's how big of a deal the diesel engine was.
Yeah. And again, so Rudolph is like, like, this is happening.
Like I'm making this happen.
Like this, the people in the country in the, the rural countryside are going to be saved.
Like this whole industrialization thing is going to be reversed and kind of mellowed out and smoothed over and the world's going to be saved essentially.
And it just did not quite go that way.
I mean, just the very fact that you had Winston Churchill weighing in on how great it was kind of gives you an indication that it did not go the way that he wanted.
Yeah. Well, one thing that did go the way he wanted was he made a ton of money off this thing.
And once he had a working prototype, people started literally lining up to get a license for this thing.
Just a license to build it like they had to figure out how to build it and how to mass produce it and everything.
But he ended up selling 22 different licenses over a two year period in 1897 and 1898 alone to people like Watson and Yaren and Yarian and Scotland Augustus Augustus bush bought the United States and Canadian license for what would be $9 million today.
Basically, Fiat and Italy like people are buying license and let let hand over fist basically and eventually he would even sell all his rights and patents to the general diesel company for three and a half million marks and I tried to convert that to US dollars in 2024.
What did you get? Did you try?
Yeah. What did you get? $11.5 million US dollars today.
Oh boy. I got $350.00. I don't you could be right.
I went to a German inflation calculator first and converted three and a half million marks from 1898 to 2023 or 24 marks.
And then I went to the euros now though.
Right, but there was a selection you could convert it to euros or marks, Deutsche Marks.
I clicked Deutsche Marks and I was positive.
And then I took that in exchange to a today's rate for US dollars.
That's how I came up with it.
But I mean, you know me and Matt.
You're probably writing buttons and stuff like that.
I'm not that good. No, I think your methodology was better.
What I did was I went back to see what the Deutsche Mark to US dollar was in 19 or in 1898.
You pulled a few economists.
I converted it to US dollars for 1898 US dollars and then did a calculation.
So that's probably the wrong methodology.
No, I but I mean, it's crazy that they would be so wildly wildly off.
So what was yours? Like 300 million.
Yeah, mine was like 11. Let's put the difference and saves about 160 million.
US dollars today. Well, I think you're I think your methodology is better.
But either way, he made a lot of money off of this thing.
It ran off of like you said, potentially vegetable oil, but you know, caracene peanut oil, all kinds of things.
And it was. Or could have been a boon to the you know, this big idea that he had of the people in the countryside had it not been for the war machine.
Yeah. So one of the things that all of these international companies who had licensed the right to make diesel engines were supposed to do was as they were developing their own versions.
Any technological breakthroughs were supposed to be shared with all the other licensees.
So the diesel engine itself would be cooperatively developed internationally.
Kind of like a human undertaking among among the global community.
And I guess that worked for a little while.
But then like you said, when the first world war started to come around intentions rose.
The diesel engine came to be the center of an arms race between the UK and Germany.
And despite being German of German heritage, a German citizen having created the diesel engine in Germany.
Rudolph Diesel was not a fan of the Kaiser was not a fan of the ultra nationalism that was starting to develop in Germany that lead the world to World War One.
And he's like, I kind of like the UK and where they're coming from these days.
I'm going to move there and actually help them with their arms race to create the diesel engines that will be used to power this new scary technology called submarines.
Yeah, in 1912, he co founded the consolidated diesel engine company with a British engineer named George Carels.
And the submarine and that's why Churchill said it's the most perfect maritime masterpiece of this entry is all of a sudden you had submarines that didn't require.
Tons and tons of coal on board tons and tons of soldiers to shovel that coal these big dangerous coal ovens you had this like super efficient engine inside this thing it was like it totally revolutionized how submarines operated and thus how the war went.
Yeah, I looked up George Carels to on Wikipedia and apparently he was known to giggle like a school girl at dirty jokes.
Really? No, I'm making a comment on Wikipedia, but I'm just kidding crap.
I'm sorry. It wasn't intended to leave you.
I it was really a target it was targeted at Wikipedia.
Well, part of the reason that always works is because you're so good at digging up these arcane facts and so I tend to just be like holy cow listen to that.
Wow, that's really something good.
I like this cool girl you say.
I just got Josh. I'm sorry.
You got caught in the dragnet is what it was.
So, should we take another break?
Sure. Alright, let's take another break.
We'll talk a little bit more about diesel.
I want to know how to leverage culture to build a successful business and butternomics is the podcast for you.
I'm your host Brandon Butler founder and CEO of butter ATL over my career.
I've built and helped run multiple seven figure businesses that leverage culture and build successful brands.
Now I want to share what I've learned with you.
And on butternomics, we go deep with today's most influential entrepreneurs innovators and business leaders to peel back the layers on how they use culture as a driving force in their business.
On every episode, we get the inside scoop on how these leaders tap into culture to build something amazing from exclusive interviews to business breakdowns will explore the journey and turning passion for culture into business.
Whether you're just getting started or an established business owner, butternomics will give you what you need to take your game to the next level.
This is butternomics. Listen to butternomics on the I heart radio app Apple podcast or wherever you get your podcast.
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They often spin off in strange and wonderful directions.
So we asked what if those laid back conversations with some of the biggest musicians in the world and some of the most interesting new artists we love right now.
Midnight Chats has already welcomed Taiman Paola, Charlie XCX, Mark Ronson, Finstaples and many others.
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There was one birthday when I went to a graveyard.
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I'm going to die. I'm going to die.
I mentioned that he got married and had three kids.
They were all in Berlin together in 1890.
When he moved to Alsberg, he left his family behind for five years.
Then the family moved to Munich.
Finally, he said, we've got to reunite the family.
I'm going to build my most magnificent idea, aside from that engine, will be this mansion from Architect Max Litman.
It was quite a mansion. Even though he had a lot of money, the way things turned out with him financially, I dare say that he overdid it a bit.
There was a bike track indoor bike track for his kids.
I mean, stay to the art stuff.
One, two, three, four, five bathrooms.
A lot for back then. For sure.
I'm not talking out houses.
I mean bathrooms. I mean, I don't have five bathrooms in this 2024.
There was a staff. It's not that impressive because everybody had a staff back then, right?
Yeah, I don't have a staff.
But still, it was like a big deal.
And not only was it a beautiful, amazing, advanced mansion that he helped design, this put a end or a punctuation mark on years of living away from his family in different countries, like dedicating his life to this diesel engine, and taking good care of them for what I could understand.
But not being a part of the family.
He was a part of creating the diesel engine.
And so by building this mansion, he was coming back home, coming back to his family and starting a new chapter, restarting an important chapter of his life.
Yeah, but it was a chapter marked by some poor health.
I saw that he got migraines suffered from migraines, gout.
I know that he dropped a ton of money on this mansion.
I don't think that like ruined him or anything, but he also made some bad financial investments apparently.
And they're kind of conflicting stories about how, how bad off the family was.
But as we'll see in the end, it turns out that they weren't doing so great in the financial department after all.
No, I saw a lot of his early engines did not work very well.
They weren't reliable.
And so there was a lot of customers that wanted their money back initially.
So like you said, there's a big debate over just how bad off they were.
In Douglas Brunt, one of his recent biographers from 2024, his ad odds with the biographer from the 70s named John Frederick Moon.
Moon's like he was destitute and desperate.
This guy was in dire financial streets.
Douglas Brunt, who again, wrote much more recently, 40 years, 50 years more recently.
Good, good. He was like, no, actually, I think that this was like an 1890s phase and that, you know, after the turn of the century started to make his money back again.
And that he was on okay financial footing.
Yeah. He was still really wrapped up in this big idea of, you know, saving the common person in 1903.
He wrote a book called, or published one at least in 1903 called Solidarity, Colin, even back then.
The rational economic salvation of mankind when he talked about, you know, sort of this, basically socialist ideas that he, you know, of the class division, being, you know, not not a good thing.
And unfortunately, nobody, I don't think it was a very good book.
No one really read it much.
No, tell him what that wonder of you.
It seems like. Yeah, there was one reviewer that called it a real pain to read.
That's not, that's not a glowing review.
No, not what you're looking for him.
But in writing that book in conjunction with creating the diesel engine, he was quoted as having said that he solved the social question.
Like he's like, here's the engine.
Here's the, here's what we're trying to do.
I basically just saved the world.
And he said that he was able to do what all the nations combined were unable to throw out the Rockefellers.
And it just did not happen that way as a matter of fact.
When did he publish that book?
1903? 1903. Over the next 10 years, he was still in a position and his engine was still in a position that it wasn't entirely clear which way it was going to go.
It wasn't World War One fully yet.
It was just the very beginning of it, I think.
There was still a really good chance that diesel engines would run on vegetable oil.
It was very much up in the air.
And in September of 1913, September 20th, 9th, I believe.
He went on a fateful trip.
More than a three hour tour, but it was not that much more, like less than 24 hours, I think.
To go to a groundbreaking of the company that he co-founded with George Carels.
Yeah, I got him Alfred Lalkum, who was another engineer, who was a pal of theirs.
And a few days before this, we should mention that he right before he went on this trip, he gave his wife a brand new overnight bag and said, here's this bag, don't open it.
Until next week. Very mysterious thing to do, but he went to Gent and got on the SS Dresden on the 29th with those three other two guys had dinner with them.
Seemed like they had a good time and they were all in good spirits.
Then he was like, all right, dinner's over, I'm going to go to bed.
And he was never seen again.
No, the next morning his companions, George Carels and Alfred, they went to go rouse him and say, hey, let's party this morning.
And he didn't answer. So they went in his room.
His bed was not slept in.
His night clothes were laid out on the bed.
His travel bag was there.
His watch was on his travel bag.
And there was he was just nowhere to be found.
So they informed the captain who had the ship searched and in short order, they found his coat and hat on deck near railing and his coat had been neatly folded.
Just not a good sign. And when they made land in London, they he was just not there.
He was no longer on the ship.
At some point, somewhere in the English Channel almost to the North Sea, Rudolf diesel just vanished off the SS Dresden.
That's right. And what was in that leather bag that he gave his wife.
20,000 German marks. No idea how much that is in today's US dollars.
But it was a significant amount of money, let's say.
There's a lot of money and there are also financial records basically showing that they were broke.
So that sort of seemingly at least at this point in his life puts to rest the question that they were financial troubles.
So, you know, here's some money, but our accounts are empty.
The disappearance was a very big deal obviously and right away, because he had made a lot of enemies.
He the Kaiser of Hill home did not like him.
John D Rockefeller did not like him.
And there were, you know, people saying like could one of them had him killed.
Is it foul play? Was it just an accident?
Was it a suicide? Like no one, no one knew and seemingly no one knows for sure, even though most people agreed that it was suicide.
Yeah. The folded coat kind of says something that it wasn't just falling overboard.
That kind of goes away with that one.
And that was the initial one too, because he had been said to have been in high spirits.
George Carell said that after dinner as they walked, they walked him back to his state room.
He said, I'll see you tomorrow.
Another evidence or another bit against the idea that it was suicide.
His watch, like I said, it was set on his bag, but it was laid out in such a way that he could see what time it was when he would be laying down in bed.
Not something you do. You don't rip up your watch.
Yeah. Like you don't really go to that trouble if you don't think that if you think like I'm going to add my life in a couple hours, that doesn't matter.
And then George Carell also told the New York Times that he did that Rudolph did not suffer from getting us.
I guess that means that he would not have answered the call of the void is what he was saying.
Yeah, this whole idea of murder, none of it really holds up to scrutiny when you investigate either the fact that the Germans came after him because he didn't help them build their engines for the submarines for the war or Rockefeller.
So those generally don't hold up when you look into them more closely.
And like I said, most people say it was suicide, but there the what was his first name, Brent's name Douglas Douglas Brent.
He wrote the more is a biography as a theory that he did not die at all and that he was.
It was sort of faked basically and by the British and he was shuttled away to Canada where he could continue working on these engines for the war.
Yeah, there was a New York Times article in 1914 that said that as much that he'd been rumored to be working in Canada.
That is probably not true because about 11 days, I think 11 days after he went missing a body washed up.
So okay, it depends on who you ask me or Chuck turns out his body, turned up at the mouth of a Dutch river and was taken ashore and taken into town and was identified or viewed by one of his sons as almost certainly his dad, but not a positive identification because it was too decomposed or Why don't think the Dutch river part is debated.
Oh, I thought it was. I thought they were out to see.
No, no, no, I saw everywhere I saw it was at the mouth of a Dutch river.
He just pulled out of the water.
But I saw in a lot of places, including the Brent's biography that the body was returned to the water because it was just so unrecognizable and you know, rotted by that point, which is gross.
That they put the body back in the sea, but kept the belongings that he had that I saw also disputed.
I saw that there were everything from glass's case to a pocket pin knife to a pillbox.
And I even saw one say that was an ID card recovered.
I don't think that's true because that's that's literal positive identification unless it's you know planted on somebody to make it seem like a suicide.
Other most places I saw didn't mention an ID card, but they did say that the son identified the items and said, yeah, those are my dad's things.
And then mysteriously among his possessions was found the tooth of a giraffe.
I don't believe that. You like, no, that's the one tree.
So I mean, that's no one knows what happened to him.
There's no solution to that puzzle.
Yeah. I'm going with that was his body.
You think yeah, suicide.
Probably everything I saw was that he was in dire financial streets.
And I mean plenty of people have died by suicide for that reason.
So it's entirely possible.
I don't know enough to be like, yep, that's it.
But that's probably where I lean, I would say.
Well, regardless of what happened, the you know, the invention of that engine was, you know, you heard the quotes.
It changed the history of the world in a lot of ways.
And such that just a couple of years ago in 2022, a full 96% of trucks in the EU run on diesel engines.
And here in America, it's a little bit different because we've been.
Had a love hate relationship with diesel over the years as far as trying to phase it out or other people saying no, it's a superior fuel.
But about 23% of fuel in the US is diesel fuel still.
Yeah. And the reason why people say it's superior is because even though there's more CO2, there's more carbon in diesel fuel, diesel burns more efficiently than gas.
So it actually releases less CO2 than gas says even though there's more CO2 and diesel because less is burned over the course of say 50 miles or something like that.
So it's true, but still it does.
It is a polluter. If you're trying to get away from fossil fuels, diesel is included in there too.
I remember having a couple of friends back in the day that had like a hand me down old, you know, 70s, Mercedes, Ben's diesel from their parents or something.
Or their grandpa, grandpa died and they got one of those, you know, chuggy engines.
I just remember they were very loud and it seemed like they just did nothing but spew black smoke.
Yeah, I know the diesel smoke is just so noxious too.
It seemed like it. I mean, maybe they were old cars or not running right.
I have no idea, but that's sort of my only memory of diesel engines.
No, I'm with you. There's still like that.
If you want to know more about diesel in this engine, then just go read Douglas Brunt's book on it.
And since I mentioned Douglas Brunt for the one last time, it's time for listen to me.
I'm going to call this Harvard follow up with the old Puritans episode.
Hey guys in your recent episode on Puritans, you mentioned the founding of Harvard.
I'm a graduate of the Divinity School and learned an interesting tidbit.
I believe it was in the 60s and the Divinity School had fallen on kind of hard times and role meant was down, wasn't attracting the best students or teachers.
So Harvard had the sensible business idea of selling it off.
The court declared though that if Harvard sold the Divinity School, the university would have to close its doors because the original charter states at the purpose to be educating a quote learned learned clergy.
So if they stopped doing that, the school was no longer following its charter.
Another wise choice later, the university doubled down its support and some three decades or so after it was the institution in which I spent three years on my way to a master's of Divinity during orientation, the dean of the school said to us, you all belong here.
So either we are not as elite as you assume or you are brighter than you would thought.
Either way, you belong here.
Welcome. What a great message.
That's pretty cool. Keep up the great work, guys.
You were, you guys are a gift in such divided and divisive times.
Thanks for that. That is from Eric Wicksstrom.
Thanks Eric. Reverend Eric Wicksstrom.
Thanks Reverend. Speaking of reverence, that's funny that mention of how attendance was down in the 60s so much that they were going to sell the Divinity School.
Remind of me of Reverend Lovejoy's origin story from The Simpsons.
Me, you say remember. It was the early 70s.
The 60s were over and people were ready to feel bad about themselves again.
So good. If you want to be like Reverend Eric, you can email us to, especially with additional info we didn't know that's interesting.
We love that stuff. You can send it to stuffpodcast.it-hardradio.com.
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