Hi there, this is Harry.
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So today we're looking at advanced English, of course, and we're looking at advanced English and adverbs with two forms.
So adverbs with two forms and the biggest problem here is usually where adverbs can go.
So we're going to look at that first of all, and then we'll look at the particular adverbs with two forms.
Now, the position of the adverb in the sentence is really, really important.
Where there's one verb in the sentence, it's not a problem.
They can go in different positions.
But where there are two verbs in the sentence, which is usually an auxiliary verb like have, and another verb.
So when there are two verbs in the sentence, usually the adverb will go after the auxiliary verb and before the next verb.
Okay.
So for example, have been something called the adverb will go after have.
Okay.
So let me give you an example of that. that government have been forced to change its mind.
So if we want to put an adverb in there, we can say the government has occasionally been forced to change its mind.
So you can see there, we add the adverb occasionally and we put it after the auxiliary verb have.
The government has occasionally been, and then forced is the the next verb.
Okay, has occasionally been forced to change its mind, okay.
Now another example when we change the position of the adverb is when we use modal verbs.
So, for example, if we use the modal verb can, we can say you can never predict what will happen.
You can never predict what will happen.
If we add an adverb, like definitely, you can definitely never predict what will happen.
So here the adverb goes immediately after the modal verb.
Okay.
And then we can say never.
You can definitely never predict what will happen.
Okay.
Let me give you another example of that.
We mightn't.
Okay.
So here we've got the negative of the modal verb.
We mightn't ever have met.
Okay, so here we're using the adverb ever.
We mightn't ever have met.
So we've got mightn't, but we also have the auxiliary verb have, but the adverb ever comes after mightn't, then ever, then have we mightn't ever have met blah blah, blah.
Okay, so this is just about the position of your adverb in sentences where you have more than one verb, and usually that first verb is the modal verb, like can or might, or it's the auxiliary verb, like have.
Okay, so let's look at these adverbs with two forms.
And I should just warn you here because this can be very, very confusing.
Don't confuse one form of the adverb with the adjective.
Okay, so when you're describing a noun, you use the adjective.
But when we're describing or enhancing the verb, then it is the adverb we want.
So here we're looking at adverbs with two particular forms, and I'll give you examples, simple examples of each.
So here's the list.
There are lots of them.
I'm only giving you a short list.
There are lots and lots of them late lately easy easily hard, hardly sure, surely wrong wrongly most, mostly Wide, widely.
Okay, so give you examples.
And again, they are examples of using them as adverbs.
So late and lately.
Have you seen him lately?
Have you seen him lately?
It means, have you seen him recently?
Have you seen him lately?
He's always late for meetings.
He's always late for meetings.
So two very different meanings.
Late, lately, two forms, two meanings.
He's always late for meetings or he's never late for meetings.
Have you seen him lately means have you seen him recently?
I haven't been here lately.
It looks very different.
I haven't been here recently.
It looks very different.
Easy, easily.
The house is easy to keep clean.
The house is easy to keep clean.
He could see me more easily when I turned the corner.
He could see me more easily when I turned the corner.
Easy, easily.
Hard, hardly.
She works hard.
He works hard.
They work hard, so they do a lot.
The test was hard to do.
The test was hard to do.
Hardly.
I hardly touched any food yesterday.
I wasn't feeling very well.
I hardly touched.
Now, here when we use hardly, it means almost not at all.
I hardly touched any food.
Whereas hard means tough, difficult or even strong in some ways that we use it.
But I hardly touched any food means I only had a little nibble or I didn't even have one bite.
I hardly touched any food.
You hardly talk to me anymore means you don't talk to me at all, sure?
Surely it is sure cold today, it is sure cold today.
I saw him for sure.
Are you sure that you saw him?
Are you certain that you saw him?
Surely you cannot be serious.
Surely you don't mean to do that.
OK, so it is sure cold today, meaning very cold today.
Surely you don't mean that means you can't be serious.
OK, sure, surely, wrong, wrongly.
Where did we go wrong bringing up these kids?
Where did we go wrong bringing up these kids?
I was wrongly advised about the time of the meeting.
I'm sorry I am late.
I was wrongly advised about the timing or the time of the meeting.
I'm sorry that I'm late.
So somebody gave me the wrong time.
Or he was wrongly accused of committing the crime.
He was wrongly accused.
That means he was accused when it should have been somebody else and found later on that he wasn't guilty.
He was innocent.
Most, mostly.
It is most unusual for it to snow in October.
It is most unusual for it to snow in October.
Most of the people I know are over 50.
Most of the people I know are over.
50 means the majority or almost all of the people I know are over the age of 50.
You got most of the answers correct, but not all of them.
Mostly, we can use this as follows.
I mostly spend my evenings reading a book.
I mostly spend my time reading.
When I have free time, I mostly spend it at home.
So almost all of the time that I have, I spend it at home.
When I come home from work, I mostly spend my time sewing, or I mostly spend my time on the internet, or I mostly spend my time reading books.
Almost all of my time.
And then finally here, wide, widely.
Okay, so we can say, when we go to the dentist, the dentist asked me to open my mouth wide.
Open your mouth wide.
The choice of careers when you leave university with a good degree is very wide.
The choice of couriers is very wide indeed.
Means lots of choice widely, it is.
He travels widely for his job.
It is widely believed that Okay.
So he travels widely, meaning in lots of different directions.
It is widely believed means almost everybody or lots of people believe.
But when the dentist asks you to open your mouth wide.
Okay, so wide, widely.
So we've got late, lately. easy easily hard hardly sure surely wrong wrongly most mostly wide widely these adverbs with two different forms and be very very careful not to mix them up with the adjectives okay and As always, if you need some more examples, just come back to me.
Happy to provide them.
Try and practice them.
I said, there are lots more like high highly, lots of other ones, but let's try these first and we can always do another lesson.
As always, I really appreciate you listening.
This is Harry saying goodbye.
Join me again soon.
