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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
I'm Neil. And I'm Georgina.
Do you believe in ghosts, Georgina?
Well, I've never actually seen one – not even at Halloween!
How about dragons, then, or fairies, and elves?
Have you been reading fantasy books, Neil?
Lord of the Rings? I have been reading a book, Georgina, but not Lord of the Rings.
My book is about an amphibious creature – a creature that lives both on land and in water.
Some kind of frog man?
You've almost got the idea, Georgina.
But think – woman, not man and fish, not frog.
Half woman, half fish.
I've got it – a mermaid.
That's right, mermaids are magical creatures – half woman, half fish – that feature in the myths and legends of many cultures around the world.
…like the sirens whose seductive singing shipwrecked Odysseus and his sailors in ancient Greek mythology.
The sirens are perhaps the most famous, but certainly not the only, mermaids we'll be hearing about.
But before we dive into the programme, it's time for my quiz question.
The book I've been reading was, of course, The Little Mermaid.
Yes. I've seen the Disney movie The Mermaid is called Ariel.
Right, but the movie was based on a fairy tale written by Hans Christian Anderson.
It became so famous that a statue of the little mermaid was built in the harbour of Anderson's birthplace.
But where? Was it...
a. Amsterdam b. Copenhagen or c.
Oslo I'm going to say, b.
Copenhagen. OK, Georgina, I'll tell you the answer later.
Disney's defenceless mermaid, aerial, seems the total opposite to the seductive dangerous sirens in the Odyssey.
In fact, descriptions and stories of mermaids have always changed from place to place.
One mermaid -like character found across Africa and the Americas is named Mami Wata.
Here's British writer Marcel Mateke talking about the origins of this legend to BBC World Service programme, The Forum.
Even the name of Mami Wata, which is Pyjn English for mother water – so it's loosely translated from Pyjn English as the mother of water.
And the characteristics that are commonly shared when speaking about Mami Wata across the West African coast is that this deity is the protector of the water kingdom.
The name mamiwata comes from Nigerian Pidgin English – a language which has developed from a mixture of two languages and is used as a way of communicating by people who do not speak each other's Marcel says that mamiwata means the mother of water when loosely translated – translated in a way that carries over the basic ideas but using words which may not be so accurate.
Mamiwata is also described as the protector of the water kingdom and a deity – a god, goddess or other divine being.
Another version of mermaid -like creatures called selkis are found in the remote Orkney Islands, north of the Scottish mainland.
The selkis can take human form and marry men, but every now and then they return to their watery kingdom under the sea.
Christina Bachelega is co -editor of the Penguin Book of Mermaids.
According to her, these different versions of mermaids share something in common – they us to question our relationship to water and other beings in the natural world, and even to question how we see ourselves.
Here's Christina explaining more in the BBC World Service's The Forum.
The beings, not just mermaids, but selkies and water deities and other water spirits, are often shapeshifters.
They have a certain kind of fluidity of being.
So, do we approach this world with humility or do we really uphold a kind of anthropocentric view – human centred view of life?
Mythical creatures are often shape -shifters.
They have the power to change into a different shape or form.
Moving between the sea and the earth, mermaids link two natural worlds.
Christina thinks that as humans we should approach them with humility.
Someone who has humility is not proud and doesn't think they're better than others.
Well, Neil, I don't think I'm better than a ghost, a water spirit or a mermaid.
It's just that I've never seen one.
But then again, I've never seen electricity and I believe in that.
Maybe it would help if you sought a statue of a mermaid, if not the real thing.
Maybe, but where would I find one?
In my quiz question, I asked you where you'd see the statue of Hans Christian Anderson's Little Mermaid.
What did you say, Georgina?
I guessed b, Copenhagen.
Which was the correct answer!
The Little Mermaid statue is found in Anderson's birthplace of Copenhagen and it really is little, only one and a quarter metres high.
In this programme, we've been talking about mermaids – mythical half -woman, half -fish creatures which are amphibious – live both on land and in water.
In some cultures, mermaids are deities or goddesses.
They can also be shapeshifters – imaginary creatures with the power to change into different shapes.
One African mermaid is called mummiwata in Pidgin English – a mixture of English and local languages which enables people who do not share a common language to communicate.
Mummiwata means Mother Water but this is a loose translation, a translation which carries over the basic idea but using words which may not be so accurate.
That's all for this programme, but the next time you're near the sea, keep an eye out for a splash in the waves – you never know what you might see!
Join us again soon for more discussion and vocabulary here at 6 Minute English and follow us on social media.
Bye for now! Bye! especially when it comes to your finances.
So if you're looking for a financial advisor you can trust, Certified Financial Planner professionals are committed to acting in your best interest. That's why it's gotta be a CFP.
Find your CFP professional at Let's Make A Plan .org.
