Well, hello and welcome to this English lesson about opposites.
In this English lesson, we're going to look at word pairs where one word means the exact opposite of the other word.
And we use that word exact a lot when talking about opposites.
So happy is the exact opposite of unhappy.
It's not the exact opposite of sad. They are opposites as well, but you'll see in the lesson what I mean when I say exact opposites above and below.
What are some of the other ones to attack, to defend?
Those are opposites. So sometimes... learning the opposite of a word can really help you remember the word that you are learning and as a bonus you learn another word so once again Welcome to this English lesson about opposites.
Happy and unhappy. Happy is, of course, feeling or showing contentment.
And unhappy is to be sad or dissatisfied.
You are all very happy when I do a live lesson on a Friday.
A lot of you were very unhappy when I wasn't able to do live lessons in June. because I broke my collarbone and everything just hurt too much.
I was very happy to play baseball that day because I like playing baseball, but I was very unhappy after I fell running to first base. and had to go to the hospital.
So I think this is a pretty simple one for all of you.
Happy and unhappy. Yeah, that's pretty good. unhappy face.
I don't make that face as often as I make this face.
I'm usually quite happy. Soft and hard and then we're also going to look at easy and hard.
So soft is easy to press cut or shape, not firm or solid.
Ice cream is definitely soft. hard would be firm and difficult to press or bend not soft.
I should mention though ice cream can be hard at first but it gets soft as it melts.
It's maybe that's a bad example but I think you understand how soft and hard are the exact opposite when you look at the cement blocks.
These blocks are very, very hard. If you hit it with your hand you would hurt your hand.
The ice cream though is very soft and easy to eat.
Easy and hard. So we can use the word hard in a different way.
Easy means not difficult, requiring little effort.
So one plus one is two. I think we all learn that when we're like four or five years old. but hard would be difficult to do or understand, requiring effort.
So you see this equation here, I don't even know what this equation is for.
It just looked really hard to me. So once again, learning a language would be hard.
But if you do little steps, you can make it easy.
So let's say you learn five new vocabulary words a day.
That would be easy. If you tried to learn 100 vocabulary words a day, that would be hard.
Kind and cruel. Kind would be caring and helpful, showing concern for others.
Cruel would be causing pain or suffering. without concern and that can be like emotional pain or it can be actual pain like a cruel person can physically attack other people.
So Be kind. That's one of the mottos of the Bob the Canadian YouTube channel.
Try to be kind. Be caring. Be helpful. Show concern for others as you go through your day.
Um and then cruel. Don't be cruel. Don't cause pain or suffering to other people.
Um, it's just not a nice thing to do. We are all human though.
We all have emotions. But if you can try to be kind today, try to be nice to people. interior and exterior.
So interior is the inside part of something.
And you can see in that slide, we have the interior of a house.
So we actually have a job title in North America called interior decorator.
So if you don't know how to design your house on the inside, in the interior, so it looks nice, you can hire an interior decorator.
The exterior then is the outside part of something.
On the exterior of the building, you need to make sure you use things that are weatherproof.
Sometimes you'll buy something. I bought networking devices to connect the barn to the house and they're designed to go on the exterior. of the building they're designed to be weatherproof so there's another term for you weather proof to include to exclude To include means to make someone part of a group when you're talking about people.
And to exclude means to leave someone out of a group.
Now, I should mention this can be used for more than just people.
You can use include and exclude for things as well.
Like, you're a member of the channel I include a lot of things that you are able to do.
Um when you put a bunch of things in a box you might exclude a few things.
But when talking about people, if you have friends and you see someone new at work or at school and you decide to Invite them to do something with you.
You have decided to include them. But if you decide to ignore that person, you have decided to exclude them.
So if you go back to what I said about being kind, that's part of being kind is to include people in my opinion.
Ancient and modern. Ancient would be very old from a long time ago.
I am not ancient, but sometimes we use that word. talk about people as well who have gray hair.
Uh we might say they look ancient. Modern would be relating to the present time.
So, If you drive through a city, you will possibly see some ancient buildings you are in a very old country like Greece or something like that.
In Canada, we don't have a lot of ancient buildings because most buildings are are only from, like if they're still standing, they're from maybe 600 years ago.
Like we're a very young country. But if you drive through a very old country like Greece or if you're in Japan, you might see some ancient buildings.
Modern buildings then are buildings that have been built sometime in the last five or ten years.
I would consider a building that's seven or eight years old quite modern still so ancient Very old from a long time ago and modern relating to the present time. blunt and sharp so this is a bit of a review from a few weeks ago the knife the far knife over there the one under the word blunt butter knife and it means not having a sharp edge or point.
That type of knife is used for spreading butter and And other things, butter, margarine, jam.
It is blunt. You can't cut very well with it.
You can... cut with a butter knife, but you can only cut soft things.
This type of knife though, this kitchen knife, it's a little bit too big to be called a steak knife, is sharp. having a fine edge or point.
If you needed to cut up vegetables, you would use the sharp knife.
If you needed to spread butter, you would use the butter knife.
To care for and to neglect. So I added the word for because you take care of people, it's the same as to care for people.
It's to look after and show concern for someone or something.
So when you care for your children, when you care for your elderly parents, you are deciding to take care of them.
But when you neglect someone or something, it means to fail to give proper attention or care.
You can see this building. Someone has neglected this building.
Someone has probably decided to neglect this building.
Instead of fixing it, they are allowing it to go into a state of disrepair.
So when you care for something or someone, you take care of it.
You show concern. You can take care of your dog. can even take care of your house.
Um I'm changing the wording here though aren't I?
To care for. So let me go back and take care of is a little different, okay?
You can care for someone and you can care for your dog or But when you take care of someone or your dog, it means the same for the person and the dog, but you can also take care of your house.
Hopefully I didn't confuse you. You can't really care for your house, but you can take care of your house.
Maybe re-watch this segment again because hopefully I made some subsets there.
Clean and dirty. Clean would be free from dirt or mess.
Dirty would be covered in or full of dirt, not clean.
We all try to keep our houses clean. We try to keep our apartments clean.
Sometimes though, when you're busy, things start to get dirty in the summer.
Jen is busy on the farm and when Bob has a broken collarbone our house tends to get a little bit dirty but usually we try to keep the our house clean.
It's just nicer to live in a clean house.
It just makes me less I'm happier when my house is clean, so I do as much as I can to help keep it clean. to earn and to spend to earn is to receive money in return for work or services.
I go to work because I need to earn money.
I do YouTube because I enjoy it, but I also like it that I earn money from YouTube.
Because I earn money from YouTube, I can work less.
So I am about Just over, I think I'm around 70% of full time.
So I can earn money at work, but I can work less because I earn money from YouTube.
To spend is to use money to buy things or services.
Last month I decided to go through our family budget so that we could spend less money.
And I found a few things that we didn't really need and I negotiated a lower rate for my car insurance so I was able So now I'm able to spend less money each month.
Prose and poetry. Prose is written or spoken language in its original form.
So prose has proper sentences and paragraphs it looks like the piece of paper on the far part of the slide.
Poetry is writing that expresses ideas in a creative rhythmic rhyming way so if I read this poem then to the still small voice I said let me not cast an endless shade what is so wonderfully made To which the voice did urge reply, Today I saw the dragonfly come from the wells where he did lie.
So you can hear that there's some rhythm there.
There is some rhyming there. poetry is creative and Most song lyrics would be considered poetry.
I think all song lyrics would be considered poetry Tight and loose.
Tight is fitting closely or firmly. There's also the verb to tighten.
So when you tighten a bolt, you want the bolt to be tight.
This man has decided to make it tight. When something is loose, it's not tight.
It's free or relaxed. So you can see this rope here is quite loose.
If you were tying a horse up with that kind of knot, I don't think it is tight enough.
It is too loose. So tight, fitting closely or firmly, loose, not tight, free or relaxed.
Maximum and minimum maximum is the greatest possible amount or degree.
So if you were driving and saw a sign that said maximum 50 kilometers per hour, you would not want to go faster because you might get a ticket.
You might also see a sign that says minimum, the smallest possible amount or degree.
The minimum speed is 60. This means You do not want to go slower.
So maximum and minimum. Optimist and pessimist.
This slide has come up in a few lessons.
An optimist is someone who sees things in a positive way and expects the best.
So they would see the glass as half full.
A pessimist is someone who sees things in a negative way and expects the worst.
They would see the glass as half empty. I am generally an optimist.
Most days, I've mentioned this before, if I've exercised, if I'm eating healthy, if I have a good night's sleep, I'm an optimist.
I am very optimistic but if those three things aren't true, I can become a bit of a pessimist.
I can be pessimistic. foolish and wise.
Foolish would be lacking good judgment, unwise.
I should have warned you there was going to be a picture of a clown.
I know some people are afraid of clowns, but A clown is considered foolish.
This kind of looks like Gandalf from the Lord of the Rings.
Wise, showing good sense or judgment. So as you get older...
You hope that you go from being foolish as a child to wise as an adult. at least when you get to my age, you hope that you are becoming more and more wise.
Guilty and innocent. Guilty would be responsible for doing something wrong and innocent would be not guilty, having done nothing wrong.
If all of the cookies in the kitchen were gone and someone said, dad ate them, I would say, I'm not...
Guilty? I usually am guilty of doing that though.
I'm usually the one who is responsible for eating all the cookies or brownies.
But I could if I didn't do it, say, no, I'm innocent.
I'm not guilty. I didn't eat all of the cookies. fear and courage.
So fear would be a feeling of being afraid or worried about something.
And courage would be the ability to face fear or danger bravely.
Sometimes I have fear. Um, I have fear when my children are out late at night and if they aren't home on time, I start to think that maybe they were in a car accident or something.
That is a common fear that parents have when their children are out.
Most of the time though I think I have courage.
I would never fight a dragon and But if I have to talk in front of people, I have the ability to face that fear or danger bravely.
I'm not afraid. What am I afraid of? I'm afraid of heights.
I'm afraid of snakes. In those situations, I would not have courage at all.
To confess and to deny. To confess is to admit to doing something wrong.
Basically, you say, I did it. Who ate the cookies?
I did it. To deny is to say you didn't do something.
If they said, dad, you're guilty. You ate the cookies.
I could say I'm innocent. I didn't do it.
So I'm denying doing it. You can also lie when you deny like sometimes people are actually guilty but they deny doing it.
So it doesn't just because when someone denies doing something doesn't mean they are completely innocent.
But to confess. to admit to doing something, to say, I did it, to deny, to say you didn't do something, to say something like, it wasn't me, I am innocent.
Above and below. the cup is above the microphone, the cup is below the microphone.
This gets tricky because you could say, On top of, like if it was sitting on here, I would say the cup is on top of the microphone, but you could say the cup is below or the cup is under, both would work.
Above is at a higher position or level in relation to something else.
Below at a lower position or level under something.
So in order for you to be above or in order for you to use above, you have to mention what you are above.
You know, the plane is above the clouds. the cup is above the microphone.
You're always talking about two things when you use above. you know, when you have two bunk beds, one bed is above the other bed.
Below then is similar, like I'm standing below the basketball net.
My hand is below the microphone right now.
My other hand is below my other hand. getting confusing but that's how you would use those two to argue and to agree to argue to disagree to to express opposite views with emotion and usually not happy emotions.
Usually the emotions of anger or frustration or maybe you're feeling aggravated to agree to have the same opinion to accept or approve something.
Okay. So if you and I were to argue, it means we don't agree.
We each have our own opinion and we are going to express it.
When you agree, you have the same opinion and you're like, oh good, you think the same way as me.
I actually enjoy arguing though. I don't always like it when I agree with everyone.
Sometimes it's fun to argue as well. Artificial and natural Artificial is made or produced by humans, not occurring naturally.
At night when you turn the lights on, it's considered artificial light.
It's not natural light. Natural is existing in or caused by nature, not made or changed by humans.
So, at night, We have artificial light during the day.
If you go outside, you have natural light. there's a window right here and the window lets in a lot of natural light so that is I do have some other lights here that give artificial light, but the natural light is nicer in my opinion.
To attack, to defend. I really wanted to find a picture of a dog attacking someone.
To attack is to act aggressively towards someone. or something to try to harm.
So that dog is simply being trained to help police officers.
To defend though is to protect from harm or danger, to guard against an attack.
So this defense, this goalie, What's the other word for goalie?
Why can't I think of it in English? We say goalie Can someone maybe in the chat mention the other word for goalie?
I was going to say defender, but that's not what it is.
But he is certainly diving to protect the net.
He does not want the other team to score.
So to attack, to act aggressively, to defend, to protect from harm or danger.
Careless and careful. Careless is not paying enough attention or thought likely to make mistakes.
If you drive and use your phone at the same time, that is careless.
In fact, in Canada you can be charged with careless driving.
So if you drive really fast, if you drive 100 kilometers an hour in a 50 kilometer an hour zone, you might get charged with careless driving.
Careful though is paying close attention to avoid mistakes or danger.
If you've ever played Jenga, you have to be very careful when you remove the blocks because you don't want everything to fall down.
So careless, not paying enough attention, careful, paying close attention.
To catch and to miss. To grab or take hold of something moving.
To capture. That's to catch. To miss. To fail.
To catch, hit, or reach something. I was actually thinking the other day, one of the things that makes sports fun to watch is the fact that humans make small errors.
If we all did everything perfectly, sports would be boring.
But to catch is to grab or take hold of something moving to capture.
Like you can catch a fly with your hand.
You can catch a ball. If your dog is loose you have to catch your dog to miss then is to fail to catch hit or reach something so if I try to catch a fly I might miss and If I'm running to try and catch my dog and I jump to grab my dog and he gets away, I could say I missed.
That's not a good example. definitely with a ball if you don't catch a ball you would say that you missed the ball
