Oh, come onPenelope. Don't play innocent withme.

Bad in your eyelashes isn't gonnawork.

Look, we all know you're chewing myshoes.

Imean, who else could itbe?

Hmm. That's what Ithought.

Come onPenelope.Penelope?

No,no, don't runaway,stay.

Okay,final, followyou.

Whatthe?Mark? Fanthen.

What? Are you doing with my shoe in yourmouth?

Uh, you're chewing my brand newJordans.

Why? I read chewing tough things as great at strengthening yourjaw, and I need a really strong jaw to get through my taco Tuesdaychompathon.

Plus, I wasn't about to chew my own brand newJordans.

Penelope, I am sosorry.

Can you ever forgiveme?

I owe you a majorapology.

AndMark, you owe me some newshoes.

Arrrr. You're listening to Brains on from APMStudios.

I'm your host MollyBloom, and my co-host today is Jasmine fromMinneapolis,Minnesota.

Hi,Jasmine. I'mMolly.

Today we're exploringhypnosis.

What it is and how itworks.

It's a topic we've gotten a few questionsabout.

Is hypnosisreal? If it's evenreal, how does hypnosiswork?

That was Elijah inColumbia, SouthCarolina, and Dennis inKirkland,Washington.

So, hypnosis might seem like something straight out of a comicbook, but it's actually a realpractice.

We're going to start by talking abouthypnotherapy, which is the type of hypnosis doctorsuse.

Hypnosis is something doctors and other medical workers have been doing in various forms for thousands ofyears.

They can use it to help patients with all sorts ofthings, from being less afraid ofneedles, to feeling less anxiety and stress around asurgery.

It can even help pregnant people stay calm throughchildbirth.

But the questionis, how does itwork?

You're gettingrelaxed-sided.

Veryrelaxed-sided. Brains on producer RosieDuPont?

Why,yes, MollyBloom. I sense you and Jasmine are getting relaxed-sided to talkabout.

Hypnosis!Woo!Relax-sided?

Relaxed and excited at the sametime.

It's my new favorite way tobe.

It's sort of like eating a massive bucket of pink cotton candy whilst trying to float motionless on myback.

In a warm turquoisepool.

And I'm really excited to talk to you about how hypnosisworks.

So, tostart, let's talk about what hypnotherapyis.

I wanted an expertopinion, so I called upDr.

DanielCohen, or as he likes to becalled,Dr.

Dan. He's a pediatrician fromMinnesota, which means he's a doctor forkids.

And he's been practicing hypnosis with his patients foryears.

I asked him how he definesit.

Pharmal hypnosis is learning how to utilize naturalabilities,imagination,pretending,day-dreaming, how to get to those on purpose in a controlled environment with a clinician who is expert in thatarea, and to use that for solving a particularproblem.

Sobasically, hypnosis is when a person enters a relaxed state of awareness similar to day-dreaming with the help of adoctor.

They're not sleeping and they know what's going on aroundthem, but they feel verychill.

Once they're in this calm state ofmind, they're more open tosuggestions, which makes it easier for them to change their thoughts andbehaviors.

So it's a way to just open up your mind to doing thingsdifferently?

Exactly. Another way to think about itis, hypnosis is made up of threeingredients.

Dissociation,absorption, andsuggestibility.

Cool. Let's break down thosewords.

Dissociation means like zoning out or plainpretend.

Or jamming while you'reawake.

So duringhypnosis, you can be sitting on your bedroomfloor, but in yourimagination, you might be in therainforest.

And it'll actually feel like you're surrounded by trees and moss andsloths.

Then there'sabsorption.

I know thisone. Absorption is when you're so caught up in yourimagination, you don't notice what's going on aroundyou.

You're totally absorbed in what you'redoing.

Sort of like when you're reading a book and you're so lost in thestory, you don't hear your mom calling you fordinner.

And once you're totally absorbed or in atrance, most people relax and open up to other people'ssuggestions.

Ah, that's the third word youmentioned,suggestibility.

That means you're very open to new ideas from otherpeople.

Right. So if a hypnotherapist tells you your arm feels as light as aballoon, your arm might start to feel like it'sfloating.

Or if your eyes are closed and they tell you your eyelids are soheavy, you can't open youreyes, you might start to feel like you can't openthem.

Ooh, that would make menervous.

Can someone who practices hypnosis make someone do things they don't want todo?

Nothing happens unless you decide and you're willing and want to doit.

It's up to you because you are the boss of yourbody.

So people have to want to do the things suggested tothem.

Exactly. So hypnosis isn't sleep and you don't loseconsciousness.

All a doctor can do is allow you to do something you already want to do deepdown.

And this is usually how hypnosisworks, but different people respond in differentways.

I've heard aboutthis. For somepeople, it works like acharm, but forothers, it can be really tough for hypnosis towork.

Yes. Scientists have been studying what makes people easy tohypnotize, and it seems like a trait that's passed down from one generation toanother.

Which means if your parents are easy tohypnotize, you might betoo.

Exactly. Ingeneral,though, people who are easy to hypnotize tend to trust people more and use their imaginations alot.

Jasmine, do you think you would be easy tohypnotize?

No, because I feel like I'm more aware of what's going on aroundme.

What aboutyou,Molly? I think I couldn't be hypnotizedeither.

I'm kind of cynical about certainthings.

And I don't think it would work onme, but I do like to imagine so maybe itwould.

Whoknows?Well, I think I'd actually be really easy to hypnotize because I'm veryimaginative.

I use my imagination to get realexcited.

Sometimes I like to imagine myself dribbling down a soccer field as fast as Ican.

I lookup, Ishoot, Iscore!

The crowd goeswild! And then I lean in and sniff a rose on a rose bush andchant.

Oh! Back ontrack,Rosie.

Yes,hi!Hello!Hi!Oh!So, to enter a hypnoticstate, you have to be at least a little bithypnotizable, which almost everyoneis, and you have to have a good relationship with yourdoctor.

You have to trustthem. Once you'recomfortable, your doctor will usually do a test run so you can see how it works andfeels.

Dr. Dan said it might go something likethis.

Close your eyes and put your attention completely and totally on the sound of the air flowing in theroom.

Whether it's heat or airconditioning, they can hearit.

Let your head nod when you hearit.

A slow nod comes from the subconscious mind and it's not like you would do if you were nodding your head onpurpose.

It's like slow motion on TV or in amovie.

So, then I ask them to turn it up in theirmind.

Let's say it goes from zero toten, turn up the sound to aboutseven.

And I don't have to ask them tonod.

Doesn't they nod when they've doneit?

And that's the proof that this is a hypnoticexperience.

Their head knows to nod automatically without arequest.

And then turn it all the way up toten.

Blastit. When it's there and you can't stand itanymore, then turn it right down tozero.

And then their head'snod.

And then they open their eyes and Isay, what do youthink?

And the kid alwayssays, that wascool.

So, to enter a hypnoticstate, people likeDr.

Dan will ask patients to focus on differentimages, sounds orsensations, take deep breaths andfocus.

Doctors do whatever helps you focus and slip into an imaginativeworld.

Once you'rethere, your doctor will gently suggest things to you to help you solve problems and achieve yourgoals.

Dr. Dan talked about some of the ways hypnosis has helped hispatients.

Hypnosis is very helpful for a lot of problems that kids run into in theirlives.

Bedwining is one ofthem.

Headaches is anotherone.

Tummyeggs, different kinds of pain are all helped very easily byhypnosis.

I actually asked a patient ofDr.

Dan to join us in the studiotoday.

He did hypnotherapy withDr.

Dan for a while and it helped him aton.

Now he practices self hypnosis athome.

Self hypnosis is when someone puts themselves into that superfocused, suggestible state that we just talked about instead of working with adoctor.

Oh, that must be himnow.

How realexciting! Thanks forcoming.

Everyone, this is Josh from MapleGrove,Minnesota.

Hi.Welcome, we're so glad you'rehere.

Hi.So, it's lovely to have you here in thestudio.

We've been learning all about hypnosis and hypnotherapytoday.

And we are very interested to talk to you about your experience withit.

So, when did you first tryhypnosis?

About two years ago in2021.

Nice. Why did you starthypnosis,Josh?

I didn't really wantto, but my parents during2021, my parents signed me up for it and I metDr.

Dan for the first time because of anxiety during 2021 and helped me alot.

So, when you went in for the firsttime, how did it feel to be hypnotized for the firsttime?

It felt reallycool. It was a very different experience than anything I've really feltbefore, but it's very calming and you're really just in a different world when you're in the state ofmind.

And did it help you with your anxiety rightaway?

Or was it a process where you had to do it a fewtimes?

It was more of a process after awhile.

It took me a few weeks or months to really get it down and then I could do it whenever Iwant.

And it really started helping me withthat.

Yeah, was it scared the firsttime?

Yeah, because it's a bitweird, because youknow, like in movies andshows, you always see the little like stopwatch and you'relike, you are going to fallasleep, but it's nothing like thatwhatsoever.

It's justabout, you just like sit there and you just get in that state ofmind.

You take deep breaths andyou, it's just verycalming, butyeah, I was a bit scared the firsttime.

Do you know when you'rehypnotized?

Yeah, I picture I'm swimming in a lake and it's very calming and there'sturtles.

You can do whatever you wantto.

Like you can play chess with the turtle and it'sjust, and it's like you're just right there doingit.

And it's reallyfascinating.

It'scool. The chess with theturtle.

That's verycool. So is that something you've actuallyimagined?

Yes. Sometimes I'm like swimming and then I like get out of the lake and I'mlike,oh, there's aturtle.

And then I go sit with the turtle and playchess.

Yeah. Are you good atchess?

Is the turtle beatyou? Like what'shappening?

She does beat me alot. It's reallyannoying.

I guess you have topractice.

Yeah.Yeah. So is the lake kind of the place you gousually?

Yeah, I usually go that tothere.

AndDr. Dano said it's like flipping channels if you go wherever youwant.

Like sometimes I'm playing baseball or sometimes I just walk along abeach.

Sometimes I'm in my school and doing a test orsomething.

It can beanything. It'scool.

I wondered if you could describe the difference between maybe trying meditation versus trying selfhypnosis.

Yeah. I think meditation is more like a selfreflection.

But selfhypnosis, it's kind of likethat.

But it's more of animagination.

So meditation is almost like emptying yourmind.

Yeah. And then self hypnosis is filling your mind with goodstuff.

That's socool. And then I sort of describe the way it does help with youranxiety.

Like what about it ishelpful.

Like if I go to that lake or if I'm playing a baseball game init, it's just those things that make me joyful likenormally, like withouthypnosis, and just doingthat, because I'm usually not as stressed out when I'm playingbaseball.

But like it's thedifference.

Like if I'm at school or something and I'm trying to like be more calm and I'mlike, I'mlike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'mlike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to belike, I'm going to 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Mesmer,mesmerism. It's all aboutbranding.

Molly, you should start practicing bluemarism.

The practice of podcasting withPazazz.

Oh, think aboutit. But as I wassaying, it turns out animal magnetism was not based on realscience.

We do not have invisible fluids from the stars flowing through ourbodies.

What?Nope. No invisible starjuice.

ButMr.Mesmer, you were onsomething.

Of course thatwas. Mesmerism or the practice of sending his patients into transes and suggesting things to them was helping people getbetter.

So throughout the1800s, psychologists kept trying different versions of mesmer'stechniques.

And all thewhile, patients kept seeingresults.

So it was decided that mesmerism wasn't all focusfocus.

And it was renamedhypnosis.

And it's still being practicedtoday.

See? Still totallyhandsome.

Definitelygreat.Caps.

Well, I must be off places to go people tohaunt.

Seeyou,France.Bye.Bye.

So mesmer's flowing cape hand waving and wild eyes made animpression.

Today, we can see stage performers and cartoons use versions of mesmer's personality and style in their spectacles andshows.

ButMolly, there are other reasons why people are not so sure abouthypnosis.

Right. Because even though research shows that hypnosis works for somepeople, we don't know exactly how yet or why scientists have studied the brain to try and see what is happening when people arehypnotized.

And they found that hypnosis does change the way our brainworks.

Forexample, when people are hypnotized and told that something lumpy as painful as they think it would be the part of their brain that usually lights up andsays,ow, when somethinghurts.

It doesn't react as much duringhypnosis.

And because ofthat, the people actually feel lesspain.

So something is shifting in our brains when we go into atrance.

Our brains are steppingback, being less judgy and doing thingsdifferently.

But we don't really know why hypnosis is a bit of a mystery because when it comes to thebrain, there's still a lot to figureout.

And mysteries make some peopleuneasy, but they make merelax,cited.

All the hypnosis doc is making me want to try out Rosie's technique of combining thrilling excitement with totalrelaxation.

Woo, metoo. Want to go meditate on a rollercoaster?

Yeah, let'sgo. Hypnosis is a combination of three mentalstates,dissociation,absorption, andsuggestibility, which means it feels like dreaming while you'reawake.

You're totally lost in the movie of yourmind.

And feeling more open to doing what people suggest toyou.

People can't make you do things you don't want to do throughhypnosis.

And doctors who use it to help their patients are more like coaches who help you achieve yourgoals.

We don't know exactly how itworks, but we know that for manypeople, itdoes.

That's it for this episode of Brainson.

The episode was written by Rosie DuPont and LouBarron.

It was produced by MollyBloom, RubyGuster, AnacleField, OurOwn, oldestSlossy, AnnaWeggle, and MarkStanchos.

Our editors are Sandin Totten and ShailaFarzon, sound designed by Rachel Breeze with engineering help from AlexSimpson.

Beth Pearlman is our executiveproducer.

The executive is in charge of APMStudios, our ChandraKavati, AlexSchaffert, and JoanneGriffith.

Special thanks to JohnHamilton, KristenLindeen, MichalRishal, LindaThompson, andDr.

DanielCohen. Brains on is a non-profit public radioprogram.

There are lots of ways to support theshow, subscribe to Brains on Universe onYouTube, or you can watch animated versions of some of your favoriteepisodes, or head toBrainsOn.org.

While you'rethere, you can send us mysterysounds,drawings, andquestions.

And you can subscribe to our SmartyPass.

It gives you a special ticket to Brains on Universe bonus content plus add freeepisodes.

Okay,Jasmine, are you ready to hear that mystery soundagain?

Yeah.Alright, here itis.

What do youthink? Now I'm starting to think it's like a chain reaction of somekind.

Ooh, what kind of chainreaction?

Maybelike, I have to do something withmetal, Ithink.

Okay, metal isinvolved, a chainreaction, there was someplopping, something'shappening.

I'm going to guess it's a Rube Goldbergmachine.

It's like one of those contraptions where like one thing leads to another like a marble rollsdown, and then it makes this thingopen, youknow, one ofthose.

That's myguess. Should we hear theanswer?

Yeah.Okay, here itis.Hi, my name isMaya, and that was the sound of me practicing my gymnastics routine onbars.

Wow,amazing.Yeah, I wouldnever.

That is a trickyone.Yeah.

Yeah, so I guess that was like kind of like thesprings, you were doing that was themetal.

Yeah. So you weren'tthere, and there wasplopping.

Yeah. The end of theroutine, there was aplop.

Yeah. So not that faroff.

Prettygood. Now it's time for the Brains HonorRoll.

These are the incredible kids who keep the show going with their questionsideas, mysterysounds,drawings, and highfives.

Leanne Alden fromReno,Nevada, James and Caroline fromBelton,Texas, Genevver from SantaFe, NewMexico,Caleb,Gabriela, and Gideon fromTucson,Arizona, Daphneia from ElPaso,Texas, Isabella fromBloomfield, NewJersey,Farah, and Ford fromHarris, NewYork, Amira fromLondon, Josie and Maton fromColumbia,Maryland, Zeta fromElizabeth, NewJersey, Ellis fromColumbia, SouthCarolina, Noah fromUrica,Australia, Zara fromBellevue,Washington, Micah fromCleveland, Alexander fromMelbourne,Australia, Max fromOchen,Germany, Ava fromReadsville, NorthCarolina, Charlotte fromTuscumbia,Alabama,Alma, and Nika fromCarbora, NorthCarolina, Albi fromLogan,Utah, Seren fromCambridge,Massachusetts, George fromChateau,Chateau,Georgia, Luke and Meala from Stone andMassachusetts, Via fromBoston, Zeke fromHickman,Nebraska, Jasper and Eddie fromBowser,British,Columbia, Brynn fromMonroe,Maryland, Callan fromDucksbury,Massachusetts, Amaya and Ren from NewHaven,Connecticut, Liam fromRosalind, NewYork, Claire and Lucy fromMaldon, SouthCarolina, Daniel fromToronto, Samantha fromDallas, Connor fromPort,Elliot,Australia, Alaya fromPeachtree,Corners,Georgia, Lennora fromWashington, Lee fromConcord,Massachusetts, Jude fromCrockett,Ohio, Liam from VirginiaBeach,Virginia,Malaya, and McKenna fromHuntsville,Alabama, Henry from NorthBend,Washington, Alice and Liam fromCharlotte, NorthCarolina, Rida fromBangalore,India, Ellie fromSt.

Louis, James fromPennington, NewJersey, Kate fromSarasota,Florida, Chanel fromLittleton,Colorado, Joshua fromBaltimore, Ayyisha from SanJose, CostaRica,Ms.

Jojo's first and second grade class fromFairfax,Vermont, Pearl and Daisy from LosOsos,California, Christopher from GreatFalls,Virginia, Pacific fromToronto, Ella from ColoradoSprings, James from Dubai and Phoenix fromLondon.

We'll be back next week with a breezy episode all aboutbeachy, beautifulsand.