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This is a download from BBC Learning English.
To find out more, visit our website.
60 Minute Club from BBC Learning English.
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Grammar with me, Neil.
And me, Catherine, hello.
Now, Catherine, would you like to have some of this delicious chocolate I've got here?
Oh, Neil, I'd love to, but I can't.
When I eat chocolate, I get terrible headache.
That's a bad luck. I know, it's horrible.
If I eat chocolate, I just get fat.
Do you? You don't look it.
You look thin. That's all the cycling, you see.
I can eat whatever I want because of all the cycling.
I love you. Now, in this programme, we're looking at the zero conditional and the first conditional.
We'll be discussing why and when we use them.
We'll see how to form them.
We'll help you decide which ones to use in which situation.
And we'll bring you a quiz at the end of the show.
So, listen carefully and take some notes.
Let's start by looking at the zero conditional.
We use it to talk about things which always happen in particular situations.
For example, I always get a headache if I eat chocolate.
And we also use the zero conditional to talk about facts and truths.
And here's Finn with our first example.
If you drop an apple, it falls to the ground.
That's gravity for you.
Now, there are two parts to the sentence.
The part with if plus the present simple tells us the situation.
And the other part is in the present simple tense and tells us what happens as a result of the if situation.
Here's Finn with an example of the if situation.
If you drop an apple, and I'll say that again, if you drop an apple, and the result, it falls to the ground.
Once more. It falls to the ground.
And this result happens every time the situation happens.
Isn't that right, Catherine?
That's correct, Neil. It is a scientific fact.
And it was first identified by Isaac Newton, I believe.
I think you're right. So, that's the zero conditional.
Let's compare it with an example of the first conditional.
Finn. If you drop that glass, it'll break.
And once again. If you drop that glass, it'll break.
Now, in this sentence, the if plus present simple part gives us a possible future situation.
The other part is made with will plus an infinitive without two, and it gives us the result of this possible future situation.
If you drop that glass, if you drop that glass, and this is only a possible situation, it'll break.
It'll break. And this is the result of the situation.
We use will to show that we're certain that the glass will break, but it only breaks if we drop the glass.
When we are less certain of the result, we can use might, like this.
If you drop the glass, it might break.
And once again. If you drop the glass, it might break.
It's sometimes difficult to choose between the zero and first conditional.
It helps to remember that as well as using the zero conditional for truths, we also use it for general situations.
If you're talking about a specific situation or a one-off situation, the first conditional is probably best.
For example, to describe a general situation that is true for everyone, we can use the zero conditional to say, If you sit in the sun too long, you get burned.
But if your friends about to go sunbathing, perhaps without any suncream, you can use the first conditional to talk about that specific situation and its possible result, like this.
If you sit in the sun too long, you will get burned.
6 litre from BBC Learning English.
And it's quest time. Are these sentences grammatically correct or wrong?
Here's the first one. When we're older, we'll go travelling.
Okay, this first conditional sentence is correct.
Good. Here's another one.
If plants don't get water, they die.
This sentence is correct too.
I'm getting ready for the last sentence.
If I fail my exams again, I feel terrible.
And that's wrong. It's a specific situation and it's describing a possibility, not a certainty.
So we need the first conditional.
Here's the correct sentence.
If I fail my exams again, I will feel terrible.
Now, before we go, there's just enough time for a top tip.
This conditional only has one will.
So this sentence is wrong.
If they will leave now, they'll be home for lunch.
You need to use present simple without will in the if part.
Here's the correct version.
If they leave now, they'll be home for lunch.
Thank you, Finn. So that's a zero conditional with the present tense in both parts for things which always happen.
And that's the first conditional with if plus present simple, together with will plus an infinitive for possible future situations.
There's more about this on our website at BBCLearningEnglish.com.
Join us again for more 6-minute grammar.
Bye. Hey, everyone. This is Molly and Matt and we're the hosts of GrownUp Stuff, How to Adults, a podcast from Ruby Studio and I Heart Podcasts.
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Like how to start planning for retirement, creating a healthy skincare routine, understanding when and how much to tip someone, and so much more.
Let's learn about all of it and then some.
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