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[The Evolutionary Marvel: How Lizards Resist Black Widow Venom]-[Creepy Crawly Fest: Who Eats Spiders the Best?! (1/2/23)]

Wow in the World · B1 · 2023-01-02

Preschool Enlightenment
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📋 Summary

The Creepy Crawly Fest and the Mystery of Venom Resistance

In this episode of Wow in the World, hosts Mindy Thomas and Guy Raz take listeners to the "Creepy Crawly Fest," a festival celebrating insects and arachnids. While Mindy is busy managing her popular "cricket burger" food truck, the duo turns their attention to a unique spectacle: a spider-eating competition. Unlike typical human eating contests, this event features three species of lizards—the Alligator Lizard, the West Fence Lizard, and the side-blotched lizard—competing to see who can consume a bowl of venomous black widow spiders and complete a foot race around the festival.

The Science of Venom vs. Poison

Before the competition begins, Mindy clarifies a crucial scientific distinction for Guy Raz: the difference between "poisonous" and "venomous." She explains that "poisonous is when you eat something," while "venomous is when something eats you, or at least bites you and injects venom into your system." This distinction is vital because the black widow spiders being consumed are highly venomous—their venom is purported to be "15 times stronger than rattlesnake venom"—yet the lizards are able to ingest them without succumbing to the toxins.

Evolutionary Adaptation and Resistance

During the race, the Alligator Lizard and the West Fence Lizard finish in a tie, while the side-blotched lizard lags behind. This outcome mirrors real-world research conducted at the University of Nevada, Reno. Scientists found that certain lizard species, such as the Alligator Lizard, have evolved a remarkable resistance to black widow venom.

Through the process of "evolution and survival of the fittest," these lizards have developed an "adaptation" to the spiders' venom over "millions and millions of years" of hunting them. While the side-blotched lizard experienced negative effects on its "muscle movement" due to the venom, the other two species showed no physiological distress. Researchers observed that the venom had "absolutely no negative side effects" on the resistant lizards, as if their systems had never been touched by the toxin at all.

Conclusion

The episode highlights how nature’s evolutionary pressures drive specialized biological defenses. The lizards’ ability to neutralize potent venom serves as a fascinating example of how species adapt to their environments, even when those environments involve consuming dangerous, venomous prey. The show concludes with Mindy and Guy Raz returning to the bustling food truck, emphasizing the show's ongoing mission to explore the "wows" of the natural world.

🎯Key Sentences

1
Is it bugging you?
2
Maybe get that thing out of my face.
3
Who would ever want to eat a spider?
4
That cannot be true.
5
Wait, what?
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📝Key Phrases

1
music to your ears
2
drives like a dream
3
splash out
4
get on with the show
5
up and running
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📖 Transcript

Grownups, Wondery Plus subscribers can listen to Wow in the World early and ad-free right now.
Join Wondery Plus in the Wondery app or Wondery Kids Plus on Apple Podcasts.
Hey, Wowzer fans, Mindy here.
And before we start the show, I gotta let you know that this November, with a special new episode featuring our friends at Circle Round and Terrestrials on Radiolab for Kids,
And don't miss when Elmo from Sesame Street stops by Wow in the World to make us all belly laugh on November 24th.
Oh, but that's not all, Reg.

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