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I honestly am just kind of reeling over here.
I'm Angela Duckworth. I'm Mike Mann.
And you're listening to no stupid questions.
Today on the show, what makes an object feel emotionally significant?
I'm like, why can't I? Why can't I give him a bike?
He's like, please don't give that bike away.
Mike, we have an email today from a ceramic artist.
Hi, Angela and Mike, I'm currently studying ceramics at the University of Georgia.
I've been thinking a lot about the importance of objects in our lives.
For example, a handmade mug from a beloved professor that I'm reluctant to use.
So my question is, how do we assign value to objects?
And does using the object add value or degrade the object?
Thank you, Jordan W. I will say you once sent me a mug with a picture of the two of us on it.
Wait, what? I did? Yes, you sent it.
When? What's the picture of?
Years ago, it's not the best picture of the two of us.
Well, that tells you how sentimental I am.
I can't even remember sending you the mug.
Well, it tells you how sentimental I am because I have the mug.
And I love it. Okay, is it, and you don't have to worry about my feelings because I don't remember sending it to you?
Is it significant, you know, in any kind of special way, like beyond its functional significance or like acquired a kind of value for you?
No, it hasn't. And nothing, I don't love it.
It was a very thoughtful gesture that you don't remember.
But I was grateful to receive it.
Do I use it regularly or have I seen it in a while?
No, but it's up with the mug somewhere.
In my kitchen. Collecting dust in a cupboard.
Okay, well, I think that means that the handmade mug from Jordan's beloved professor that she's reluctant to use is not the same as the mug I must have ordered on Shutterfly sent to you and that isn't making a huge difference in your life and clearly didn't make a lot in mind.
But I think it's a great question.
I was in the garage the other day and I was looking for a bicycle for my graduate student.
I knew that in our garage there were three bikes and Jason and I are only two people.
So in my mind, I was like, one of these bikes must be a bike that we have carried over from like one move to another.
Neither of us actually bike a lot.
So it's like, we don't need three bikes for two people who don't bike a lot.
So I'm down there in the garage and I text Jason, oh, I'm about to give this bike to Ben and I send a photo and he texts back right away.
Don't give that bike away.
I'll explain. And you know me, I'm action oriented.
I'm like, why can't I? Why can't he give him the bike?
He's like, please don't give that bike away.
Okay, but the all explain didn't just trigger massive curiosity.
It did, but I had to delay gratification because he was probably at a work meeting but felt compelled to stop me and then comes home at the end of the day and he says, that bike was my dad's bike.
You know, his dad passed away several years ago and he's like, I'll never give that bike away.
And then I be the unsentimental creature that I am pointed out that we don't need it.
You know, his dad hadn't ridden it in years even before like it passed to us, but no, we are going to carry that bike with us forever.
So I get the question and maybe my shutter fly mug didn't do the trick, but you probably have something because you're more sentimental than I am.
Like you probably have something in your life that you wouldn't give away for anything.
I have so many things that I love.
I will say this. I moved to a new home about a year ago.
You know, it's going to get redone.
And so a lot of the objects that I thought I cared a lot about have been in boxes or encubbered for about a year and you kind of forget about them.
Just the other day I went and found that I still have every single baseball card I ever collected as a kid.
Really? Yes. Okay, but here's where I do have just random stuff.
So I have two boxes of just stuff that I never am going to put anywhere, but it's so fun to go through every five years.
Like you're never going to take it out of the boxes?
Correct. Okay. For example, I have all four mortar boards, you know, the little graduation cap you wear.
Yeah. The ones you throw in the air?
Yes. I have the mortar boards from my high school graduation, from my college graduation, and from both of my grad school graduations.
I'm not going to ever do anything with them other than leave them in a box, but I kind of like just having them because they're a reminder every five years if I open the box of a good time in my life.
It's weird that I kept them though because like, you're not going to put them on a wall.
Well, you could if you were a colon.
A what? I think we have established that you haven't made contact with the Twilight series.
Correct. Well, the Cullins are the vampires and they're immortal.
So they've gone through innumerable graduations.
They just keep graduating from one high school after the other and then they move because then they would draw us.
Anyway, you have to be a devotee of the Twilight series to fully appreciate this, but they actually have this big framed mural of all of their graduation caps.
When you see the series not if, but when you will appreciate that I just explained to you the significance of that and how it's sort of connected to your mortar boards.
You know, this idea that we hold attachments to physical objects is so interesting.
There's this paper on sentimentality and I want to like tell you a little bit about it because I think it really gets to the kind of hoarding that we do, right?
Of things where you're like, I'm just going to lug the bicycle from one move to the next, you know, keep all these boxes like that accumulate.
So basically what researchers say is that there is a value that objects have for us that is not related to their features, not related to what functional use there is for something or even how attractive something is physically.
But sentimental value really comes down to two things.
One is does it have an association in your mind with another person who is really meaningful to you?
I guess that would be Jason and his dad or and I think this might explain the mortar boards in the box that you won't throw away, the other way that you'd be sentimental value to an object in our life is if it has associations with a certain event, a special time, like I still have my wedding veil.
You do? Yeah, I do. As unsentimental as I am and it's not something I intend to use again, but it has a connection obviously to my wedding.
So yeah, that's probably the most sentimental object that I have.
Well, and then you have these paintings from your mother, which I don't know if those are objects the same way, but there's great sentimentality connected to those, right?
Yeah, I do have these paintings from my mom and my mom keeps producing paintings that quite a clip for somebody who's nearing 90 and I don't know that we have enough room in our home.
We sort of ran out of wall space.
Now we're starting to run out of closet space.
But yeah, I have paintings that my mom's done early in her life.
I think the earliest one I have is actually this line drawing that she did when I came home from the hospital with her as a newborn.
It's this very simple pencil drawing.
It probably took her a minute and it's just a sketch of me and the baby carrier still from the car seat and it's dated 1970, which is what I was born.
I think when we found this sketch, it wasn't even framed.
And yeah, maybe for obvious reasons, I had huge sentimental attachment to it.
There's nowhere to hang that either in our house, but I won't throw it away.
It seems as though as much as you claim a lack of sentimentality, you maybe have this attachment to a few things.
A little bit. I'm low on the scale, but like even Angela Duckworth has some sentimental attachments.
And look, this research is really interesting in that what happens when we have an object over a period of time is generally that we habituate to it.
It's called hedonic adaptation, like something that brought us a lot of happiness.
You get a sweater that you really wanted for a long time.
And at first you're like, God, I love the sweater.
It's amazing. But then over time, it's something you habituate to.
Even if there's nothing wrong with the sweater, even if the sweater doesn't get worn at the elbows, we tend to, with all the physical objects in our lives, adapt to them hedonically, meaning they have less of a positive value for us in the sense of bringing us pleasure.
But I think what this research suggests from these two researchers, Yang and Jeff Dalek, is that our sentimental attachments, the value that we get because of these associations with people that we love or memories in our life, that doesn't actually have the same downward ski slope of habituation or hedonic adaptation.
So if it's connected to someone we really care about, we continue to love the object, whereas other things, you just start to not even notice them because they're always there.
Yeah, I mean, the idea of habituation is either you start to not notice things because you're just used to them, or sometimes the idea of habituation is just like, even when you're eating ice cream, the fifth bite of ice cream is actually not as pleasurable as the first bite.
So whether we just don't notice the thing anymore or because we have gotten used to it, and when we do notice it, the idea is like we get less spark out of it over time, but maybe not for sentimentality.
Right. And in the world of the life changing magic of tidying up and the world that kind of called fourth Marie Kondo to write a book about how we accumulate like so much crap in our lives.
I mean, we have so much crap.
And I think one of the things that this question makes me think about is, can we curate our crap so that the things that are of sentimental value like bicycles and mortar boards that we hang onto those, but like, can we get rid of the other things?
So Marie Kondo, the thing that drove me insane about her method, there's this piece in it where she talks about if you don't love a full book, but you just like a chapter, rip that chapter out and throw the rest of the book away.
Oh my gosh, I did read this book and I didn't remember that.
Oh, it drove me crazy because I love books.
And I love collecting them.
That would be like sacrilegious for you to like rip out a chapter.
Yes. Probably ripping out the chapter of any book for a lot of people would be like equivalent to flag boarding.
I'm not going to go that far.
But if I listen to an audiobook and love it, I will still buy the physical copy so that I can keep it in my library because I want to just have the books around that I, they're like old friends and I love collecting them.
You could rip out the part of the Marie Kondo book that you don't like about ripping out parts of books and then keep the rest of it on your back.
It's so weird though. I just felt like there was such an extreme version of her method.
I will fully agree with you that throughout life and never is this more obvious than when we move from place to place that we are the accumulators of crap.
I think the moving thing like brings it into relief.
Most of all, you're like, how did I ever accumulate this much crap?
It's a reckoning, right?
You're like, what? How is there this much stuff in my life?
I think books are a whole special category, by the way.
I remember the day that I was reading John Irving's Prayer for Owen Meeney and I hate, did you read that book?
I have not read it. Great writer and in general one of my favorite writers.
But a prayer for Owen Meeney, a lot of it is like all caps and I just felt like I was getting yelled out the whole time.
I was still in, gosh, I don't know, middle school high school.
I was young and I put the book out in the rain and watched all the pages curled and I know that's kind of like even for a book you hate, probably a lot of people who like you don't do that with books.
Which again, I think is a little bit related to Jordan's question.
Wait, you did it intentionally though.
I did it intentionally.
And what were you thinking?
What was the point? I hated the book.
I hated the book. I wanted to hurt the book.
I wanted the book to die a painful death.
Interesting. God, I'll probably start reading this book and love it.
Now, I haven't gone back to this book since that time.
But I think the idea of why that probably gives some people chills, like just the vision of a book being set out into the rain on purpose and its pages curling up and being ruined is because objects are more than objects.
Right. So like I think you and I would both love to hear thoughts from our NSQ listeners of objects in their own lives, maybe an object that holds considerable sentimental meaning.
Are you one of those people?
Do you have a story of a favorite object and what it means to you?
If so, record a voice memo in a quiet place with your mouth close to the phone and email us at NSQ at Freakonomics.com.
Also if you like the show and want to support us, the very best thing you can do is to tell a friend about it.
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Still to come on, no stupid questions.
Why do certain objects feel contaminated by their owners?
Like would people want to put on a sweater?
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Now back to Mike and Angela's conversation about meaningful objects.
So Angela, I want to share some data with you from a survey that was conducted in May of 2020 by a group called OnePole on behalf of this lifestyle brand, Shannola.
They said that 49% of the people pulled said that a family heirloom is one of their most prized possessions.
Interesting. And I think that's what I would put you in the category of.
I think your most prized possession is the painting your mother did that hangs above your bed.
Is that right? That's correct.
I'm trying to think like what I say that more than my wedding ring, when I say that more than we still have like the original lovies, like the stuffed animals that Amanda and Lucy, I don't know how we didn't lose these.
I honestly cannot imagine how these were not lost on a vacation.
But we have Big Duck, which was Amanda's stuffed animal.
And then we have Beluga, which is this little stuffed sheep.
It's like the head of a sheep attached to them.
It's kind of weird actually.
Anyway, that's Lucy's and we still have them.
And no, I'm always painting wins over all of those other competing objects.
I'm trying to think about any other heirlooms that are older than that.
I don't think I do. You seem to be the kind of person from the kind of family that would have actually heirlooms passed down from generation to generation.
Yes. In fact, 77% of respondents said it was important to them to give a gift that will be around for years and eventually become a family heirloom later in life.
And I think about that in terms of my grandfather, Tata Watch, that he loved.
And my brother Peter, when my grandparents passed away, he got that.
And then he has subsequently invited each of my brothers and my dad to take the watch for two months at a time or whatever.
It's like a time share heirloom.
Well, this is what's most interesting to me is my brother the other day pulls me aside and said, Hey, I want to be very clear.
This is not a gift. I'm loaning it to you.
And he said, someday I want to pass this watch down to my one of my kids.
And he said, I want it to be more than just a watch that I wore.
I want it to be a watch that each of their uncles wore because that's part of the story of the heirloom I want to pass down.
Oh my gosh. Okay. This actually connects to like some of my favorite research is on the belief that if somebody wears something like a necklace or a watch or sweater or actually has any physical contact with an object that perhaps there's something that happens that's magical.
I'll use the word magic because that's the word the scientists use in terms of like our belief anyway that magically some essence of the person actually permeates the physical object and stays with it really.
Yeah. I guess there are a lot of religious traditions, you know, relics and so forth.
But the research I'm thinking of is my Paul Rosen who is in my department and he's this very quirky but also brilliant psychologist.
He just studies whatever the hell he wants very often.
It's something that like nobody else studies.
And so I think it was more than 20 years ago Paul got interested in the following question.
He was like, if I gave you a glass of orange juice, this is actually from an experiment.
I gave you a glass of orange juice and I dipped a cockroach in it.
Oh, what? Right. But I took the cockroach out and you know, you could be assured the cockroach had been sterilized, sanitized and like nothing is like of the cockroach in the orange juice.
Would you drink it? And what Paul found was no, people do not want to drink a glass of orange juice that a cockroach would have done.
I don't mean to be like ahead of my time but I feel like I could have told them that without doing the study.
Oh, we don't need to collect data on this.
But he did do like a series of studies on what he called contagion.
He mostly studied food for most of his career.
So looking at not only like the cockroach in the orange juice but you know, a variety of other things.
Like he did one on like cyanide and it's like you could be assured that like this thing that you're about to drink had no more cyanide than an apple seed because fun fact, apple seeds have cyanide in them but very, very trace amounts.
But then people had what he would consider like an irrational aversion to these things.
But whether those examples are convincing or not, the idea is really interesting.
He called that the law of contagion and contagion is when like a physical object takes on an essence if you will through physical contact with something else and it could be a person right.
So he used to use this example like would people want to put on a sweater that Hitler wore?
Oh gosh. No, I wouldn't do that.
Exactly. And so is that because that sweater has some essence if you will of the person who wore it or my gut reaction is more symbolic.
The fact that someone that is so evil wore it.
It's the symbolism not that I think there's some essence of him still on it.
What about like because wearing a sweater, you know, suggests that you are like identifying with that person and like advocating for their point of view.
What about touching it?
Would you touch a sweater that Hitler had worn?
I feel like I would not because the fact that we even like keep it around, I find it somewhat offensive.
It's like we should just destroy all that stuff.
Oh, that's interesting.
That was not a question on a survey he had asked.
But why is that? Why is it that you feel like we should destroy those things?
I mean, what Paul would say is that you might might be engaging in this belief in contagion which he defines as belief in the transmission of an essence, bifusical contact to an object.
Like do you think that's because you're indulging in magical thinking?
No, no. So I don't buy that.
I think keeping something like that is akin to a statue of something or a relic of something.
It's like reminding us of that individual and what he or she had done.
Now we have to remember history.
Those who can't remember it are condemned to repeat it.
I was going to say eradicating the world from all objects of the terrible past is probably not what you want to do either.
Probably not. But there is this large movement in the United States, for example, to get rid of statues honoring people from the Confederacy, which was a rebellion against the United States.
In defense of slavery, I mean, there are things that are associated with the Confederate statues that you would want to say, like let's not honor those things.
But I think that's different though, right?
I guess in my mind, it's not different.
I like the idea of passing down a watch or whatever family heirloom.
For example, at Lucy or Amanda's wedding, do they wear their mother's wedding veil?
The veil is not that great.
I also want to point out that doesn't matter.
Does it not matter? Well, because there's the beautiful symbolism.
They give them something smaller and less visible as a sentimental object than the veil that goes over your head.
Either way, right? There's this beautiful symbolism that my mom wore this.
I don't know that it's a magical conveyance of the essence of Angela, but it is a really beautiful reminder that I come from somewhere I'm carrying on a legacy.
I think that's a really beautiful thing.
The symbolic associations, right?
Not through some magical process of contagion.
My mom is somehow in this veil.
Right. I'm not there. You're not there.
Not so much. I think the more palatable, if you will, account of when we have stuff in our lives, like Jason's dad's bike or ceramic mug from Professor, that there's a symbolic association, right?
Not a literal physical essence.
Right. Yeah, I think that's more palatable to me too.
The fact that I have so little ability to have sentimental attachments is a little bit worrisome to me, actually, I think it's admirable to have this capacity.
I'm calling BS on you because you have your veil, you have these paintings, you have your children's comfort objects.
You have collected some pretty sentimental things.
Okay. But if you ask me for another example, I'd be like, okay, that's it.
My mom and dad were moving out of their large-ish suburban home into a smaller place as people do as they get older and in the basement of our home where I grew up for most of my childhood, were all of my journals and maybe photo albums too.
You did not throw them away.
Stop it. Mike Maughan, every single one.
What? Now, by the way, I deeply regret this.
Oh. Actually Amanda asked me once what was my biggest regret, like she asked me recently, and I couldn't think of anything in particular, but I think now this is my answer.
My biggest regret is that my mom asked me repeatedly.
There was at least two milk crates because I was a pretty prolific journal writer.
Sure. Sure. And I think they went back to like third grade and all the way through high school.
In college, I think I wrote my journal nearly every day and I only had to drive 15 minutes to my mom's house, walk down the stairs of the basement, grab the two crates.
You know, again, this doesn't feel garage.
The two milk crates are so of journals and put them in my basement and I told her again and again, like, are you sure?
And I was like, no, just throw them out.
Stop it. I cannot believe you did this.
I know, right? What is up with that?
I can't even explain it.
Don't get me wrong. Your journal, when you are in third grade, is probably like a bunch of like hola blue, but still a window into who you were.
I don't know. I want to know what the hola blue was.
And definitely into my honesty adolescent years.
Also like I was recently talking to Amanda Lucie and I was trying to remember what it was like to be a younger me, like really trying to remember.
And I realized that I couldn't.
I keep projecting onto my younger me, me now, you know?
Right. I used to them like, I don't think that I really cared that much about my appearance.
I think I was like, only worried about what I was accomplishing.
And then I was like, oh, wait, no, that's me now.
Sorry, that's me now. I'm kind of confused.
I know. Isn't that tragic?
I honestly am just kind of reeling over here.
Also that your mom wasn't like, okay, we should save these regardless because she's going to regret this.
She should have overruled me.
Should she not have? Isn't it my mom's fault for not overruling me and just holding on?
I am not going that far. I did ask her later because I was thinking a wise mother might be like, you say you don't want this, but you're going to want it for your own children.
But she didn't overruled me.
She just, yeah, okay. Well, you said not to save those.
So I didn't. There are things that have moved from House to House like cans of lice off from 1982 that I'm like, how did this make it?
And like my journals for, but yeah, again, it's my fault.
I think sometimes I almost have like this oppositional like I, you know, I remember going on a trip once I had this friend in high school named James.
I can't remember how old we were.
It was probably like early college years and we script together all of our like dimes and nickels and we went on some trip to Europe.
Anyway, I remember biking and I remember Jim would have the impulse to take a picture now and again, like a normal human, right?
Or now everyone does them everywhere, but yeah.
Oh, God. That was, you know, back in the day when there were actually cameras and they weren't attached to your phone.
And I resolutely like, no, I don't want to take any photos.
I was like, I'm taking a picture with my mind.
I think I have a like rebellious streak and I was just like, no, I'm not going to be sentimental.
Like I'm not going to take pictures.
I'm not going to keep my journals, but I think that is dumb, honestly.
What's interesting is if you go back to the survey, Americans most prized possessions, the number one item.
Wait, wait, wait, don't tell me.
Let me guess. Number one, most prized, by the way, this is a poll done by a private company for a for-profit startup, right?
Sounds a little biased.
I'm just registering. A little skepticism because if the number one object is one that they sell and is hyperlinked, I'm really going to lose all faith.
But is it jewelry? That is very close.
Those are numbers. Two, three, four.
What's number one? Number one is family photos.
Ooh, I was not going to guess that.
Most prized possessions.
And that was the one thing you refused to take.
I know, right? I know he was not your family.
But yeah, family photos are the number one most prized possession.
Even now when there's like a Julian of them and they live in the cloud.
I mean, this was May 2020, granted you're in the middle of the pandemic then.
So maybe people just missed their families.
But the next ones are wedding ring, piece of jewelry engagement ring.
I think so much of jewelry is symbolic.
Like what is a wedding ring other than a symbol of like eternity, circle that never ends?
Well, here I want to go. I think this is important.
The top 10 items Americans hope to inherit.
The number one thing they hope to inherit is the engagement ring.
Two is a piece of jewelry, three wedding ring, four watch.
Guess what number six is?
Wedding veil. Oh, wedding veil.
I think actually my mom did not pass down her wedding veil to me, nor her wedding dress, which I couldn't fit my little pinky into, honestly.
But my mom, and maybe this is where my lack of sentimentality comes from.
Back in the day, my mom and dad did not have a lot of money.
They had immigrated from China, all of their friends who had immigrated from China also didn't have a lot of money.
And so they would just pass around wedding veils and wedding dresses.
And so I think my mom lived that way with me.
And like, you know, she's not very sentimental.
She lost her wedding ring and didn't even bat an eyelash.
And also some watch that her in-laws had given her, like as the gift, the symbolic gift of like one family to another.
It was like a gold Rolex.
And my mom lost both the wedding ring and the Rolex.
I think she hid them somewhere because she thought it would be safer and then she couldn't find them.
We've all done that. She really couldn't find them.
She just didn't care. Like she just somehow did not have this like symbolic meaning that floats around like the aura of things.
So maybe I observed her or maybe I'm just rebellious.
I don't know, but I seem to be lacking a little bit of the sentimentality capacity.
Yeah. But like getting back to this question of what it means to have objects in our lives that are especially meaningful, you know, something that Jordan asks is whether using the object adds or subtracts value.
I would like to think that the mug that I sent you that you never used might be accumulating compound sentimental interest in the cabinet that you never open.
But I wonder what you think about that.
Do you think you would care about it more if it were your go to mug in the morning?
I think you're going to hate my answer.
I think it depends. Sound like an academic.
I know. And I actually know offense.
That answer when academics are like well on the one hand.
But here's what I would say the vast majority of the time, something becomes more meaningful if used.
I guess where I'm saying it depends is obviously if it's a piece of art, no, but I think that's why when we go back to the survey of most prized possessions or things people hope to inherit, they're almost always jewelry and you use it, right?
So if your mother passed down this necklace and then you passed that down to your children, then it's something that is used and they can carry it with them.
And I think that's the idea of the watch that my brother is wanting to pass down to his kids is like, hey, it's something that they'll actually use.
But also like that the value is more because you used it.
Correct. Yes. It's almost like, well, you don't want to say it's magical contagion and it's not like the essence of you is in it, but there is something about like the longer it's been on your wrist going through your life.
There is something at least symbolic about all that time that it's spent with you.
Right. I mean, you've always heard the expression if these walls could talk.
Well, what if this watch could talk?
Because it was with grandpa in all those meetings when he did all these things over all these years or whatever that is.
So I would say Jordan, use the mug.
And guess what I'm going to do today?
You'd better darn well believe I'm leaving this moment going downstairs, grabbing the mug and using it for the rest of the day.
My mug, the mug with my and your face on it that I can't remember sending you.
Yes. Oh, good. Our mug with our mugs on it.
I think the thing about Jordan is that she doesn't want to break the mug.
Whereas you can't as easily break a watch and you certainly can't as easily break a wedding ring.
So you think it's just a practical thing.
Jordan's like, what if I drop the mug?
I think that that's totally fair.
I remember Jason once bought me diamond earrings.
This is because I asked him to buy me diamond earrings repeatedly, actually, for the early years of our marriage.
I don't know. I'd just seen too many advertisements for like a diamond is a sign of true love and anyway.
So once I got these diamond earrings, I was really like skittish about losing one or both of them.
And then it happened. No.
I think it was like on my way to work.
I would just always touch them in my ears before I left and like make sure they were there.
Right. And then, you know, I think it was at work.
I touched on my ears and it wasn't there.
And I went into a panic and I do remember walking out and I used to take this commuter train and I walked all the way back to the station and then I walked again.
I mean, over and over and like miles.
And then I took the train home and then I walked that pathway from that train station to our house like back and forth.
Everywhere I couldn't find it, it was really distressing.
I mean, the question of sentimentality and use took on poignancy there.
And the lesson I took from not being able to find the diamond was this that maybe we should use the mugs that we could break or where the diamond earrings that we could lose.
Even if it's something as sentimental as can be, even if it's unique and can never be replaced, where it lose it and enjoy it well less.
And now here's a fact check of today's conversation.
In the first half of the show, Angela says that the oldest piece of art she has from her mother is a line drawing of her coming home from the hospital as a newborn.
We know from a past episode of no stupid questions that this is incorrect.
In episode 156, Angela describes a watercolor that her mother painted when she was just 24 years old, a thumb mountain rising from the sea.
She says that the image represents the challenge of leaving China behind for a new life in the United States.
Mike actually references this piece later on in today's episode when he notes that Angela's favorite painting by her mother currently hangs above her bed.
Then, Mike says that Japanese author and professional organizer Marie Kondo recommends wrapping out pages of a book that resonate with you and getting rid of the rest of it.
In her 2010 self-help book The Life Changing Magic of Tidying Up, Kondo says that she experimented with this method, but that it didn't end up working for her.
And she instead recommends discarding most books in their entirety.
Finally, Angela says that apple seeds contain trace amounts of cyanide.
The truth is a bit more complicated.
Apple seeds contain amygdalen, a compound that is also found in stone fruits like peaches, apricots and cherries.
And digestive enzymes can break down the sugars in amygdalen, leaving cyanide as a byproduct.
This isn't usually a concern with apple seeds because they have such a tough outer layer.
And even if you chewed the seeds really well to make them easier to digest, there is not enough amygdalen in an apple to cause any real harm.
Food scientist Islamyat Fola Shade Bo la Renoir has stated that one would have to consume at least 25 apples in one sitting and really grind up the seeds before the poison would have any effect.
That's it for the fact check.
Before we wrap today's show, let's hear some thoughts about last week's episode on manifestation.
I'm embarrassed to admit that I fell for a low-rotraction-based coaching program.
More than once, I've given a lot of thought to why these programs didn't work.
You nailed it. The emphasis in these programs was on mindset.
Dream big, believe. But when obstacles came up like I raised my rates and clients stopped calling, the response from the coaches was, believe harder, rather than acknowledge the obstacle and help me make a plan.
It's appealing to believe that all you have to do is visualize and result will fall from the sky.
These ideas treated to all, like we're children.
Hello, Angela and Mike, this is Leo Asik Dogan.
I used to believe in the so-called law of attraction as a teenager and surprisingly, it seemed to work for me.
In college, I realized all that quantum mysticism stuff was nothing but pseudoscience, but more surprisingly, it still kept working, even after that realization.
It didn't work because the universe grants our wishes through some quantum mumbo jumbo but because it kept me motivated.
Hi, Mike and Angela. As evidence of the power of manifesting, I'm manifesting that you will play this recording on your show.
That was, respectively, Ophra Obehas, Leo Asik Dogan and Adrian Acosta.
Thanks to them and to everyone who shared their stories with us.
And remember, we'd love to hear your thoughts on sentimental objects.
Send a voice memo to NSQ at Freakonomics.com and you might hear your voice on the show.
Coming up next week on No Stupid Questions.
Is meritocracy fair? I do think talent is everywhere and I do believe opportunity is not.
That's next week on No Stupid Questions.
No Stupid Questions is part of the Freakonomics Radio Network which also includes Freakonomics Radio, People I mostly admire and the economics of everyday things.
All our shows are produced by Stitcher and Rendaud Radio.
The senior producer of the show is me, Rebecca Lee Douglas and Lyric Baudich is our production associate.
This episode was mixed by Eleanor Osborn and Jasmine Klinger.
We had help on this episode from Julie Canfer.
Our theme song was composed by Louise Gara.
You can follow us on Twitter at NSQ underscore show and on Facebook at NSQ show.
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